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Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators of Metallic MXenes
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Num século marcado pelas alterações climáticas e pela disponibilidade limitada das fontes de energia tradicionais, a importância da colheita de energia tornou-se cada vez maior. A eletrónica vestível surgiu como uma ferramenta transformadora que faz a ponte entre o ser humano e a tecnologia, oferecendo recolha de dados personalizada, comunicação e monitorização da saúde em tempo real. No entanto, enfrentam desafios críticos relacionados com a duração da bateria, a miniaturização e a sustentabilidade. Os nanogeradores piezoeléctricos (PENGs) e triboeléctricos (TENGs) surgiram como soluções promissoras, capazes de aproveitar a energia mecânica do movimento humano e convertê-la em energia elétrica utilizável. MXenes, carbonetos e nitratos de metais de transição bidimensionais, oferecem uma solução promissora para as limitações dos materiais triboeléctricos já existentes, apresentando uma forte geração de carga e versatilidade devido às suas propriedades reguláveis. Os MXenes não contêm matérias-primas críticas como o chumbo, componente comum noutros materiais triboeléctricos, alargando o seu potencial de utilização em tecnologias amigas do ambiente. Com o objetivo de criar nanogeradores híbridos tribo e piezoeléctricos, o material piezoelétrico escolhido foram nanobastões de óxido de zinco (ZnO NRs), devido à sua capacidade de obter uma variedade de morfologias e às suas matérias-primas sustentáveis. Estes foram obtidos por síntese hidrotérmica assistida por irradiação de micro-ondas, oferecendo uma síntese reprodutível de baixo custo e facilmente controlada. Este trabalho estuda concentrações variáveis de nanobastões de ZnO e MXenes para criar nanogeradores (NGs) totalmente flexíveis, utilizando politereftalato de etileno (PET) com óxido de índio-estanho (ITO) como substrato. Com uma concentração de 7,125 wt\% de MXenes e 70 wt\% de ZnO NRs, o nanogerador atingiu uma tensão média de pico a pico de 6.39 V a uma força de compressão de 9 N e uma corrente de 0.55 µA quando atingido à mão, destacando o seu grande potencial quando se considera a aplicabilidade da eletrónica vestível.
In a century marked by climate change and the limited availability of traditional energy sources, the importance of energy harvesting gained increasing importance. Wearable electronics have emerged as transformative tools that offer personalized data collection, communication, and real-time health monitoring. However, they face critical challenges related to battery life, miniaturization, and sustainability. To address these challenges, the integration of energy harvesting devices into wearables has gained significant attention. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising solutions for wearable energy harvesting, able to harness mechanical and frictional energy from the human motion and convert it to usable electrical power. MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrates, offer a promising solution to the limitations of earlier triboelectric materials, exhibiting strong charge generation and versatility due to their tunable properties. MXenes are also free of critical raw materials like lead, which is a common component in other triboelectric materials. This not only enhances their sustainability but also broadens their potential for use in environmentally friendly technologies. With the objective of creating hybrid triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators, the piezoelectric material chosen was zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NR), due to the sustainability and wide availability of raw materials. These were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave irradiation, offering an easily reproducible, low-cost, and well-controlled synthesis. This work studies a composite with variable concentrations of ZnO nanorods and MXenes in order to create fully flexible nanogenerators (NGs), utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with indium tin oxide (ITO) as a substrate. With a concentration of 7.125 wt\% MXenes and 70 wt\% ZnO NRs, the nanogenerator reached an average peak-to-peak voltage of 6.39 V at a pushing force of 9 N and a current of 0.55 µA when hand struck, highlighting their great potential when considering the applicability of wearable electronics.
In a century marked by climate change and the limited availability of traditional energy sources, the importance of energy harvesting gained increasing importance. Wearable electronics have emerged as transformative tools that offer personalized data collection, communication, and real-time health monitoring. However, they face critical challenges related to battery life, miniaturization, and sustainability. To address these challenges, the integration of energy harvesting devices into wearables has gained significant attention. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising solutions for wearable energy harvesting, able to harness mechanical and frictional energy from the human motion and convert it to usable electrical power. MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrates, offer a promising solution to the limitations of earlier triboelectric materials, exhibiting strong charge generation and versatility due to their tunable properties. MXenes are also free of critical raw materials like lead, which is a common component in other triboelectric materials. This not only enhances their sustainability but also broadens their potential for use in environmentally friendly technologies. With the objective of creating hybrid triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators, the piezoelectric material chosen was zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NR), due to the sustainability and wide availability of raw materials. These were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave irradiation, offering an easily reproducible, low-cost, and well-controlled synthesis. This work studies a composite with variable concentrations of ZnO nanorods and MXenes in order to create fully flexible nanogenerators (NGs), utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with indium tin oxide (ITO) as a substrate. With a concentration of 7.125 wt\% MXenes and 70 wt\% ZnO NRs, the nanogenerator reached an average peak-to-peak voltage of 6.39 V at a pushing force of 9 N and a current of 0.55 µA when hand struck, highlighting their great potential when considering the applicability of wearable electronics.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
MXenes Wearable Electronics Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators ZnO Nanorods