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Perícias Forenses em Crimes Sexuais: Da Recolha da Amostra ao Perfil de DNA
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Ao surgir um novo caminho profissional, surgiu também a necessidade de enriquecer, do ponto de vista académico, os meus comhecimentos e, consequentemente, o meu currículo. Desta forma, o presente Relatório de Atividade Profissional tem como objetivo a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina, pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Este Relatório espelha a experiência profissional adquirida ao longo de vinte anos de carreira como Perita Forense no Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (doravante LPC), debruçando-se num tema específico: as perícias em crimes sexuais.
A necessidade de implementar novos métodos de trabalho e novas tecnologias tem sido manifestamente uma preocupação de todos os responsáveis pelo LPC que se espelha no campo da Genética Forense que, ao longo da última década, demonstra uma evolução impressionante.
Com a finalidade de otimizar a etapa de Observação nas perícias de crimes sexuais, surgiu a necessidade de implementar novas metodologias e produtos na deteção de sémen. Mais concretamente, o objetivo é a substituição do teste Ácido-Fosfatase, da coloração Hematina/Eosina para a visualização de espermatozóides pela microscopia ótica e automatizar a extração diferencial manual. Para tal foram realizados alguns estudos de validação a novos produtos e metodologias, nomeadamente o STK® Lab e o STK® Spray, a coloração Christmas Tree e a utilização do equipamento QIAcube Connect na extração diferencial.
Desta forma, este Relatório faz uma reflexão sobre a importância da Genética nas Ciências Forenses, debruça-se sobre o circuito de trabalho em perícias de crimes sexuais no Setor de Biologia, analisa a implementação de novas técnicas/produtos na deteção de sémen e o seu impacto em termos de resultados. Contém também a apresentação e discussão de alguns casos reais no contexto supraenunciado.
Em conclusão, estas novas técnicas/produtos estão a ter um impacto positivo no circuito laboratorial, no entanto, ainda carecem de mais consistência e validação.
With the emergence of a new professional path, the need to enrich my academic knowledge and, consequently, my curriculum became apparent. Thus, this Professional Activity Report aims to obtain a Master's Degree in Molecular Genetics and Biomedicine from the Faculty of Sciences and Technology at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. This report reflects the professional experience gained over twenty years of a career as a Forensic Expert at the Scientific Police Laboratory of the Judicial Police (hereinafter referred to as LPC), focusing on a specific topic: forensic examinations in sexual crimes. The need to implement new work methods and technologies has been a concern of all responsible parties at LPC, as reflected in the field of Forensic Genetics, which has shown impressive progress over the last decade. In order to optimize the Observation step in sexual crime examinations, there was a need to implement new methodologies and products for semen detection. More specifically, the goal is to replace the Acid Phosphatase test, Hematoxylin/Eosin staining for sperm visualization through optical microscopy, and to automate manual differential extraction. For this purpose, validation studies were conducted on new products and methodologies, including STK® Lab and STK® Spray, Christmas Tree staining, and the use of the QIAcube Connect equipment for differential extraction. Thus, this report reflects on the importance of Genetics in Forensic Sciences, delves into the workflow in sexual crime examinations in the Biology Sector, analyzes the implementation of new techniques/products in semen detection, and their impact in terms of results. It also contains the presentation and discussion of some real cases in the aforementioned context. In conclusion, these new techniques/products are having a positive impact on the laboratory workflow; however, they still require more consistency and validation.
With the emergence of a new professional path, the need to enrich my academic knowledge and, consequently, my curriculum became apparent. Thus, this Professional Activity Report aims to obtain a Master's Degree in Molecular Genetics and Biomedicine from the Faculty of Sciences and Technology at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. This report reflects the professional experience gained over twenty years of a career as a Forensic Expert at the Scientific Police Laboratory of the Judicial Police (hereinafter referred to as LPC), focusing on a specific topic: forensic examinations in sexual crimes. The need to implement new work methods and technologies has been a concern of all responsible parties at LPC, as reflected in the field of Forensic Genetics, which has shown impressive progress over the last decade. In order to optimize the Observation step in sexual crime examinations, there was a need to implement new methodologies and products for semen detection. More specifically, the goal is to replace the Acid Phosphatase test, Hematoxylin/Eosin staining for sperm visualization through optical microscopy, and to automate manual differential extraction. For this purpose, validation studies were conducted on new products and methodologies, including STK® Lab and STK® Spray, Christmas Tree staining, and the use of the QIAcube Connect equipment for differential extraction. Thus, this report reflects on the importance of Genetics in Forensic Sciences, delves into the workflow in sexual crime examinations in the Biology Sector, analyzes the implementation of new techniques/products in semen detection, and their impact in terms of results. It also contains the presentation and discussion of some real cases in the aforementioned context. In conclusion, these new techniques/products are having a positive impact on the laboratory workflow; however, they still require more consistency and validation.
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Perita Forense Genética ADN Ciências Forenses Crimes Sexuais Polícia Judiciária