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Contribuição para o estudo dos principais impactes operacionais e financeiros resultantes da presença de óleos alimentares usados na rede de drenagem e em ETAR
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A redução da perda ou desperdício de alimentos é fundamental para cumprir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU e crucial para reduzir os impactes associados ao seu ciclo de vida a nível económico, social e ambiental.
A produção média de resíduos alimentares na Europa varia entre 173 Kg e 290 Kg, por habitante, por ano, e quase 60% dos resíduos alimentares são produzidos pela atividade de consumo e pós-consumo (por exemplo, ossos, óleos de cozinha, cascas, sobras e outros subprodutos associados), onde se estimam que 25% da perda ou desperdício correspondem a gorduras e a óleos.
O consumo de óleos alimentares vegetais tem crescido ao longo dos últimos anos, decorrente da alteração de alguns hábitos alimentares e do crescimento populacional, perspetivando-se, por isso, que continue a aumentar. De modo consequente a este aumento de consumo, corresponde uma produção em quantidade proporcional (20% e 32% do consumo total de óleo vegetal) de óleo alimentar usado (OAU). A presença de OAU nas redes de drenagem e por conseguinte, nas ETAR pode resultar no entupimento das redes de drenagem prediais, corrosão e obstrução das redes públicas, uma maior incidência nas intervenções de manutenção e limpeza na ETAR assim como num maior consumo de energia no tratamento, consequência do aumento da carga poluente que este resíduo introduz. A recolha praticamente total de OAU poderia reduzir os custos de tratamento na ETAR até cerca de 25% do custo total.
O presente estudo pretendeu contribuir para o conhecimento e ligação entre os impactes operacionais e financeiros e a presença de OAU nas redes de drenagem urbanas e nas ETAR. Paralelamente estudou-se também o possível potencial de mercado existente, de modo a que seja também avaliada a atratividade do investimento na gestão deste fluxo por parte do Estado e das empresas. Para além dos aspetos anteriores, foi ainda estudado o custo-benefício da recolha de OAU e o seu tratamento ou aproveitamento noutros produtos. Esta abordagem tentou, sempre que possível, fazer o paralelismo de dados de outros países.
A principal conclusão que se pôde extrair do presente estudo, residiu na necessidade de se monitorizar e sistematizar o fluxo de OAU em Portugal, de modo a adquirir-se uma informação mais completa e fidedigna. Essa informação é necessária a nível nacional, através de único sistema de gestão no país, seguindo o exemplo de outros países cuja recolha é eficaz. Constando que em Portugal existe procura de OAU que excede a oferta, materializa-se uma oportunidade de mercado para o desenvolvimento de um sistema deste tipo.
Reducing food loss or waste is critical for meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and, also, crucial to reduce the economic, social and environmental impacts associated with its life cycle The average production of food waste in Europe varies between 173 kg and 290 kg per capita and per year. Also, almost 60% of food waste is produced by consumption and post-consumption activities (e.g., bones, cooking oils, peels, leftovers and other associated by-products), where it is estimated that 25% of the loss or waste corresponds to fats and oils. The consumption of vegetable edible oils has grown over the past few years, due to the change in some eating habits and population growth, with the prospect of steady increase. Consequently, this increase in consumption will produce a proportional amount (20% and 32% of the total vegetable oil consumption) of used cooking oil (UCO). The presence of UCO in the drainage networks and, thus, in the WWTP, can result in the clogging of the building drainage networks, corrosion and obstruction of the public networks, a greater incidence in the maintenance and cleaning interventions in the WWTP as well as in a higher energy consumption in the treatment, implied by the increase of the pollutant load that this waste causes. The practically total collection of UCOs could reduce treatment costs at the WWTP by up to 25% of the total treatment costs.. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and connection between the operational and financial impacts caused by the presence of UCO in urban drainage networks and WWTPs. At the same time, it seeks to study the market potential, so that it is possible to understand and prove the attractiveness of investment in the management of this flow by the State and companies. In addition to the previous aspects, the possibility of reaching a cost-benefit conclusion for the investment in the collection of UCOs will also be investigated, as its treatment or use in other products, namely in Portugal. This approach tried, whenever possible, to parallelize data from other countries. The conclusion that could be drawn from this study, regards the need to date and systematize the flow of UCO in Portugal, in order to acquire the necessary information to understand, specifically, the operational and financial impacts in the drainage and WWTP networks, enabling the launch of an information and collection campaign at national level. Therefore, it would be interesting to create a single management system in the country, following the example of some countries whose collection is effective. Considering that in Portugal there is demand for UCO that exceeds the supply, it would be a market opportunity to develop such a system.
Reducing food loss or waste is critical for meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and, also, crucial to reduce the economic, social and environmental impacts associated with its life cycle The average production of food waste in Europe varies between 173 kg and 290 kg per capita and per year. Also, almost 60% of food waste is produced by consumption and post-consumption activities (e.g., bones, cooking oils, peels, leftovers and other associated by-products), where it is estimated that 25% of the loss or waste corresponds to fats and oils. The consumption of vegetable edible oils has grown over the past few years, due to the change in some eating habits and population growth, with the prospect of steady increase. Consequently, this increase in consumption will produce a proportional amount (20% and 32% of the total vegetable oil consumption) of used cooking oil (UCO). The presence of UCO in the drainage networks and, thus, in the WWTP, can result in the clogging of the building drainage networks, corrosion and obstruction of the public networks, a greater incidence in the maintenance and cleaning interventions in the WWTP as well as in a higher energy consumption in the treatment, implied by the increase of the pollutant load that this waste causes. The practically total collection of UCOs could reduce treatment costs at the WWTP by up to 25% of the total treatment costs.. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and connection between the operational and financial impacts caused by the presence of UCO in urban drainage networks and WWTPs. At the same time, it seeks to study the market potential, so that it is possible to understand and prove the attractiveness of investment in the management of this flow by the State and companies. In addition to the previous aspects, the possibility of reaching a cost-benefit conclusion for the investment in the collection of UCOs will also be investigated, as its treatment or use in other products, namely in Portugal. This approach tried, whenever possible, to parallelize data from other countries. The conclusion that could be drawn from this study, regards the need to date and systematize the flow of UCO in Portugal, in order to acquire the necessary information to understand, specifically, the operational and financial impacts in the drainage and WWTP networks, enabling the launch of an information and collection campaign at national level. Therefore, it would be interesting to create a single management system in the country, following the example of some countries whose collection is effective. Considering that in Portugal there is demand for UCO that exceeds the supply, it would be a market opportunity to develop such a system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Óleo Alimentar Usado (OAU) Rede de Drenagem de Água Residual doméstica (RD-ARd) ETAR impacte operacional e financeiro economia circular