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IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE COMPONENTES DE FABRICO ADITIVO EM FERRAMENTAS DA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMÓVEL
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As tecnologias de fabrico aditivo, em especial a impressão 3D, tem vindo a tornar-se o paradigma na conceção de produtos devido às enumeras vantagens que oferece. Cada vez existem mais áreas onde é possível aplicar este tipo de tecnologias, sendo a indústria automóvel uma das áreas onde existem um maior número oportunidades de aplicação. Nesta cada vez mais se procura componentes leves e de fácil substituição, fatores que facilmente sucedem quando se adotam tecnologias de impressão 3D.
O objetivo fundamental da presente dissertação passa por avaliar tecnológica e economicamente a viabilidade da incorporação de componentes produzidos por tecnologias de impressão 3D na indústria automóvel. Foram selecionados componentes do sistema de elevação da ferramenta responsável por produzir a estruturas fixadoras dos assentos dos automóveis, tendo sido analisada a possibilidade de estes serem produzidos através da tecnologia Continuous Filament Fabrication (CFF). Esta tecnologia faz parte do tipo de impressão Fused Filament Fabrication ou, como é mais conhecido, Modelação por Deposição de Fundido (FDM) um dos mais relevantes e promissores processos da impressão 3D. De seguida foi realizada uma revisão de literatura no âmbito das principais tecnologias de impressão, avaliando tanto as suas vantagens e desvantagens como os materiais compatíveis. Posteriormente procedeu-se à implementação dos elevadores já impressos utilizando a tecnologia selecionada, ao mesmo tempo foram realizados ensaios em provetes com as mesmas características de forma a caracterizar o material. No seu estado atual, o sistema de elevação é construído em aço fazendo com este apresentasse um peso elevado, sendo este um dos principais originadores de paragens durante a produção da ferramenta. As principais vantagens da aplicação da tecnologia referida será a eliminação do problema referido, bem como a redução dos custos em subcontratação.
The additive manufacturing technologies, specially 3D Print, has become the new paradigm of the fabrication of original products due to his innumerous advantages. More and more appears areas where is possible to apply this type of technology, like the automobile industry which is one of the industries where more implementation opportunities occur. This area asks for light and easy to change components, characteristics that are easy to find when 3D print technologies are applied. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse by the technology perspective and also by the economics view the sustainability of the implementation of 3D printing products in automobile industry. Were selected the components of the elevation system of the tool responsible for the production the modules that attach the car seats, was analysed the possibility to make these components using the continuous filament fabrication technology, included by fused filament fabrication group which is one of the most relevant and promising types of 3D printing process. Then was realized a literature review based on the main printing technologies, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages, and also compatible materials. The next step was the implementation of elevation system already printed with the selected technology, at the same time was made tests with samples to characterize the material. Nowadays the elevation system is constructed in steel which makes that the system presents high weight. This is one of the most creators of stops during the tool production, which leads to innumerous production cycle constraints. The main advantages of the applied technology are the elimination of this problem, as well as a reduction of subcontracting costs.
The additive manufacturing technologies, specially 3D Print, has become the new paradigm of the fabrication of original products due to his innumerous advantages. More and more appears areas where is possible to apply this type of technology, like the automobile industry which is one of the industries where more implementation opportunities occur. This area asks for light and easy to change components, characteristics that are easy to find when 3D print technologies are applied. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse by the technology perspective and also by the economics view the sustainability of the implementation of 3D printing products in automobile industry. Were selected the components of the elevation system of the tool responsible for the production the modules that attach the car seats, was analysed the possibility to make these components using the continuous filament fabrication technology, included by fused filament fabrication group which is one of the most relevant and promising types of 3D printing process. Then was realized a literature review based on the main printing technologies, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages, and also compatible materials. The next step was the implementation of elevation system already printed with the selected technology, at the same time was made tests with samples to characterize the material. Nowadays the elevation system is constructed in steel which makes that the system presents high weight. This is one of the most creators of stops during the tool production, which leads to innumerous production cycle constraints. The main advantages of the applied technology are the elimination of this problem, as well as a reduction of subcontracting costs.
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Fabrico aditivo Impressão 3D Continuous filament fabrication Indicadores de manutenção