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Extração e armazenamento de água para fins agrícolas a partir de bombeamento fotovoltaico
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Resumo(s)
Em muitas regiões do mundo as águas subterrâneas constituem uma fonte importante
de abastecimento, com papel relevante no desenvolvimento socioeconómico.
A extração e bombeamento das águas subterrâneas estão diretamente
dependentes da disponibilidade de energia elétrica. No entanto, na maioria das
regiões remotas existe falta de rede elétrica, irregularidades e custos elevados
no fornecimento de combustíveis fósseis para a alimentação dos microgeradores
elétricos. Neste contexto, os sistemas de extração e bombeamento de água acionados
por módulos fotovoltaicos podem desempenhar um papel importante no
desenvolvimento socioeconómico destas regiões, devido à sua simples instalação
e relativamente pequenas manutenções durante o seu ciclo de vida. Contudo o
dimensionamento deficiente destes sistemas pode criar custos adicionais e/ou
fornecimento de água deficiente.
Nesta dissertação pretende-se estudar a extração, bombeamento e armazenamento
de água para uso agrícola nos meios rurais através da energia fotovoltaica.
O desenvolvimento deste estudo apoia-se em quatro etapas fundamentais: caracterização
dos dados regionais de radiação solar para o local de instalação, caracterização
geométrica e produtividade dos poços; integração de sistema de extração
e bombeamento de água acionados por módulos fotovoltaicos; otimização do sistema
de bombeamento; simulação do sistema para diversas condições de radiação
solar e produtividade dos poços.
Para a simulação deste sistema implementou-se um modelo matemático no
Microsoft Office Excel© que utiliza os dados locais de radiação solar, dados de consumo
de água, de capacidade do sistema de extração (produtividade dos poços),
bombeamento e armazenamento. A aplicação e simulação do modelo implementado
foram realizadas para o caso de estudo da localidade de Mosquito d’Horta,
freguesia de São João Baptista, conselho de Ribeira Grande, Santiago, Cabo Verde.
As simulações efetuadas mostram que a eficiência dos sistemas de extração
e bombeamento de água acionados por módulos fotovoltaicos dependem fortemente
da radiação solar e do caudal volúmico de água. O modelo matemático
mostrou-se uma ferramenta de grande utilidade no processo auxílio aos projetos de sistemas de extração e bombeamento de água acionados por módulos fotovoltaicos.
Groundwater has important role in socioeconomic development in many regions, as water supply for human consumption and irrigation. The wayer extraction and pumping is directly dependent on the availability of power supply. However, in many regions there is a lack of electricity, irregularities and high costs in the supply of fossil fuels for the supply of electric microgenerators. In this context, water extraction and pumping systems powered by photovoltaic modules can play important role in the socioeconomic development of these regions, due to their easy installation and low maintenance during the life cycle. However, the inadequate dimensioning of these systems can create unnecessary additional costs and/or deficient water supply. The aim of this thesis is to study the extraction, pumping and storage of groundwater for irrigation in rural regions through photovoltaic energy. This study is based on four main steps: characterization of regional solar radiation data for the installation site, geometric characterization and well productivity; integration of a water extraction and pumping system powered by photovoltaic modules; optimization of the pumping system; system simulation for various solar radiation conditions and well productivity. To model this system, a mathematical model was developed and implemented in Microsoft Office Excel© by using regional data on solar radiation, water consumption, well productivity and the capacity of the extraction, pumping and storage system. The developed model was applied to the region of Mosquito d’Horta, São João Baptista, Ribeira Grande, Santiago, Cape Verde. Modelling results show that the efficiency of the water extraction and pumping systems supplied by photovoltaic modules depends heavily on solar radiation and the water volume flow. The mathematical model developed proved to be an unequivocally useful tool in the decision-making process in the design of water extraction and pumping systems powered by photovoltaic modules.
Groundwater has important role in socioeconomic development in many regions, as water supply for human consumption and irrigation. The wayer extraction and pumping is directly dependent on the availability of power supply. However, in many regions there is a lack of electricity, irregularities and high costs in the supply of fossil fuels for the supply of electric microgenerators. In this context, water extraction and pumping systems powered by photovoltaic modules can play important role in the socioeconomic development of these regions, due to their easy installation and low maintenance during the life cycle. However, the inadequate dimensioning of these systems can create unnecessary additional costs and/or deficient water supply. The aim of this thesis is to study the extraction, pumping and storage of groundwater for irrigation in rural regions through photovoltaic energy. This study is based on four main steps: characterization of regional solar radiation data for the installation site, geometric characterization and well productivity; integration of a water extraction and pumping system powered by photovoltaic modules; optimization of the pumping system; system simulation for various solar radiation conditions and well productivity. To model this system, a mathematical model was developed and implemented in Microsoft Office Excel© by using regional data on solar radiation, water consumption, well productivity and the capacity of the extraction, pumping and storage system. The developed model was applied to the region of Mosquito d’Horta, São João Baptista, Ribeira Grande, Santiago, Cape Verde. Modelling results show that the efficiency of the water extraction and pumping systems supplied by photovoltaic modules depends heavily on solar radiation and the water volume flow. The mathematical model developed proved to be an unequivocally useful tool in the decision-making process in the design of water extraction and pumping systems powered by photovoltaic modules.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
bombeamento de água energia solar extração de água sistemas fotovoltaicos