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Proposta de uma metodologia para a gestão eficiente de um armazém
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Algumas empresas recentes e de menores dimensões, começam a focar-se em vendas online, não tendo colaboradores especializados nas diferentes áreas, é comum existir ineficiências na gestão do ar-mazém e, consequentemente, nos processos da cadeia de abastecimento a que pertence. A definição de um modelo de gestão de stocks é essencial, não só para o processo de colocação das encomendas aos fornecedores, como também para o processo de arrumação dos artigos no armazém, visto que arrumação condiciona a atividade de picking (responsável por aproximadamente 55% dos custos totais operacionais do armazém) e a sua eficiência.
Assim foi objetivo desta dissertação, uma proposta de metodologia, aplicada à empresa Do Zero, para tornar um armazém mais eficiente. Inicialmente foram identificados os clientes que realizaram apenas uma encomenda e analisado o comportamento de vendas dos artigos encomendados para definir se são críticos (que levem ao descontentamento do cliente). Depois foi definido um modelo de gestão de stocks, pelo que foi realizada uma análise ABC que classifica os artigos com base na sua importância para a empresa. A artigos classificados de A foi adotado e parametrizado um modelo de revisão contínua e aos classificados de B e C foi adotado um modelo de revisão periódica.
No âmbito da gestão de armazenagem, pretendeu-se tornar mais eficaz a arrumação de artigos nas prateleiras, de modo a reduzir a distância percorrida pela Técnica de Armazém na preparação das enco-mendas. Os artigos foram armazenados com base na sua categoria e em famílias dentro de cada catego-ria. Foram armazenados considerando a sua importância para a empresa, colocando artigos da classe A mais próximos da zona de preparação de encomendas. Sendo a Do Zero uma empresa com valores e artigos tão relacionados com a sustentabilidade, pretendeu-se também agir na reutilização de caixas de cartão para a preparação das encomendas. Assim, identificaram-se as dimensões mais adequadas para as caixas de cartão reutilizadas de um mês de preparação de encomendas.
A metodologia integra ainda o ciclo PDCA em cada uma das atividades de gestão de stocks e gestão de armazenagem para que esta possa ser usada ao longo do tempo numa perspetiva de melhoria contínua dada a volatilidade do mercado para este tipo de empresas.
Some newer and smaller companies that are starting to focus on online sales, do not have special-ized employees in different areas. Because of that it is common to have inefficiencies in the management of the warehouse and, consequently, in the processes of the supply chain to which it belongs. The defi-nition of a inventory management policy is essential, not only for the process of placing orders with suppliers, but also for the process of storing the items in the warehouse, since storing influence the picking activity (responsible for approximately 55% of total warehouse operating costs) and its effi-ciency. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to propose a methodology, applied to the Do Zero com-pany, the warehouse more efficient. Initially, the customers who placed only one order were identified, and the sales behavior of the items ordered was analyzed to define if they are critical (leading to cus-tomer dissatisfaction). Then, a inventory management model was defined, so an ABC analysis was per-formed, which classifies the products based on their importance to the company. For items classified as A, a continuous review model was applied, and for those classified as B and C a periodic review model was adopted. Within the scope of storage management, the aim was to make the storage of products on the shelves more efficient, in order to reduce the distance traveled by the warehouse technician when pre-paring orders. Items are stored based on their category and in families within each category. They are also stored considering their importance to the company, placing class A items closer to the order prep-aration area. Being Do Zero a company with values and products so related to sustainability, it was also intended to act on the reuse of boxes for the preparation of orders. Thus, the most appropriate dimensions were identified for the reused boxes of a month of order preparation. The methodology also integrates the PDCA cycle in each of the inventory management and ware-house management activities so that it can be used over time in a continuous improvement perspective given the volatility of the market for this type of company.
Some newer and smaller companies that are starting to focus on online sales, do not have special-ized employees in different areas. Because of that it is common to have inefficiencies in the management of the warehouse and, consequently, in the processes of the supply chain to which it belongs. The defi-nition of a inventory management policy is essential, not only for the process of placing orders with suppliers, but also for the process of storing the items in the warehouse, since storing influence the picking activity (responsible for approximately 55% of total warehouse operating costs) and its effi-ciency. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to propose a methodology, applied to the Do Zero com-pany, the warehouse more efficient. Initially, the customers who placed only one order were identified, and the sales behavior of the items ordered was analyzed to define if they are critical (leading to cus-tomer dissatisfaction). Then, a inventory management model was defined, so an ABC analysis was per-formed, which classifies the products based on their importance to the company. For items classified as A, a continuous review model was applied, and for those classified as B and C a periodic review model was adopted. Within the scope of storage management, the aim was to make the storage of products on the shelves more efficient, in order to reduce the distance traveled by the warehouse technician when pre-paring orders. Items are stored based on their category and in families within each category. They are also stored considering their importance to the company, placing class A items closer to the order prep-aration area. Being Do Zero a company with values and products so related to sustainability, it was also intended to act on the reuse of boxes for the preparation of orders. Thus, the most appropriate dimensions were identified for the reused boxes of a month of order preparation. The methodology also integrates the PDCA cycle in each of the inventory management and ware-house management activities so that it can be used over time in a continuous improvement perspective given the volatility of the market for this type of company.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão da cadeia de abastecimento (GCA) gestão de stocks gestão de armazenagem metodologia ciclo PDCA