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O papel dos repair café na economia circular e sociedade:Estudo comparativo entre Portugal e Espanha
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Vivemos numa sociedade cada vez mais consumista, com hábitos de consumo insustentáveis e pouca consciencialização sobre as consequências das suas escolhas e ações. A procura constante por novos equipamentos tecnológicos, tem vindo a conduzir à extração excessiva dos recursos natu-rais, ao esgotamento de reservas de matérias-primas e à produção excessiva de Resíduos de Equipa-mentos Elétricos e Eletrónicos (REEE).
Estes equipamentos são constituídos por substâncias nocivas, que quando são depositados no dito “lixo comum”, são transportados para aterros ou podem ainda poluir solos e linhas de água, contaminando a cadeia alimentar. Devido ao aumento desta procura, os ciclos de vida dos produtos têm vindo a ser cada vez menores e, por consequente, há um aumento da produção destes equipa-mentos, upgrade dos já existentes, o que aumenta os impactos ambientais associados a essa produção excessiva.
A reparação é uma das bases da Economia Circular, que permite estender a vida útil dos pro-dutos, de forma mais sustentável. É um processo através do qual se pode recuperar objetos danifica-dos, substituindo peças ou aproveitando componentes para reparar outros objetos, e que tem vindo nos últimos anos a ganhar mais adeptos, devido à consciencialização ambiental dos consumidores ou à sua ligação emocional aos objetos danificados.
Os “Repair Café” são um exemplo recente de iniciativas que surgiram em vários países e que promovem a reparação (e.g. Irlanda, Austrália, Reino Unido, Itália, entre outros). Trata-se de eventos públicos, onde qualquer pessoa pode participar de forma gratuita, basta levar consigo um objeto que tenha em casa danificado ou caso queira aproveitar a boa disposição do evento e beber um café. É um local de aprendizagem e partilha de conhecimentos, entre os participantes e os voluntários, onde estes interagem e reparam com sucesso ou não os objetos levados.
Face ao número crescente e à importância dos “Repair Café”, o principal objetivo da presente dissertação consistiu na realização de um estudo comparativo entre os “Repair Café” realizados em Portugal e Espanha, avaliando-se o seu papel para a Economia Circular e a sociedade, designada-mente os benefícios e a influência que estes eventos podem ter a nível social, ambiental e económico em cada país.
Nesse sentido, realizaram-se entrevistas e questionários às organizações e participantes en-volvidos nestes eventos, em Portugal e em Espanha, e efetuaram-se visitas aos eventos que ocorreram em Lisboa. Através dos dados recolhidos, foi possível perceber e conhecer melhor o funcionamento, organização e perspetivas futuras dos vários “Repair Café” entrevistados, ter uma melhor perceção acerca dos objetos levados e a taxa de reparação através dos eventos frequentados e por fim, obter uma melhor perceção dos participantes e visitantes sobre os eventos, como por exemplo as suas prin-cipais motivações para participar, o grau de satisfação dos mesmos, a frequência de participação, o seu possível interesse em participar como voluntários e a sugestão de algumas oportunidades de me-lhoria. A partir destes dados, realizou-se uma análise SWOT com os pontos forte, os pontos fracos, as ameaças e as oportunidades nos “Repair Café”.
Por fim, foram descritas as principais barreiras existentes aos “Repair Café” e desenvolveu-se um conjunto de propostas que as organizações poderão adotar por forma a melhorar os pontos fracos e a combater as ameaças descritas.
Assim, destacou-se a importância que estes eventos têm para a implementação de uma das bases da Economia Circular, a reparação, com impactos a nível da coesão social e de consciencialização ambiental. Estes eventos têm um grande potencial de crescimento, pois a maioria dos participantes tem uma boa experiência, volta a participar e divulga-os a amigos e familiares. No entanto, é necessário que a comunidade cresça a nível local e nacional, em ambos os países.
We live in an increasingly consumerist society, with unsustainable consumption habits and little awareness of the consequences of their choices and actions. The constant search for new technological equipment has led to the excessive extraction of natural resources, the depletion of raw material reserves and to the extreme production of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). These equipments are made up of harmful substances, that when deposited in the “common” garbage bin are taken to a landfill or can even pollute soils and waterlines, contaminating the food chain. Due to the increase of this search, products’ life cycle has been declining and, thus, there is a boost in the production of such equipments and in the upgrade of the pre-existent ones, which heightens the environmental impact associated to this excessive production. Reparation is one the pillars of Circular Economy, which aims to extend products’ useful lifespan more sustainably. It is a process through which damaged objects can be recovered, replacing or using components to repair other objects, and which has gained more adherents in recent years, due to the environmental awareness of consumers or their emotional connection to the damaged objects, the aim to reach a more sustainable society, among other reasons. “Repair Café” is a recent example of initiatives that have emerged in several countries that promote repair (i.e. Ireland, Australia, UK, Italy, etc.). These are public events, where anyone can participate for free, if they bring a damaged object from home or want to enjoy good company and drink a cup of coffee. It is a place for learning and sharing knowledge, between both participants and volunteers, who interact and successfully, or not, repair the objects taken. Given the growing number and importance of “Repair Café”, the main objective of this dissertation was to carry out a comparative study between the “Repair Café” carried out in Portugal and Spain, evaluating their role for the Circular Economy and society, namely the benefits and influence that these events can have on a social, environmental, and economic levels in each country. In that sense, interviews and surveys were made to the organizations and participants involved in these events, in Portugal and Spain, and visits were made to the events that took place in Lisbon. From this data, a SWOT analysis was performed, noting the strong points, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in Repair Café's. Through the data collected, it was possible to understand and get to know better the functioning, organization and future perspectives of the various Repair Café interviewed, to have a better perception about the attended events and, finally, to obtain a better understanding of the participants and visitors, such as their motivations for participating, their degree of satisfaction, the frequency of participation, their possible interest in participating as volunteers and the suggestion of some opportunities of improvement. From this data, a SWOT analysis was performed, noting the strong points, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in Repair Café's. At last, the main barriers to Repair Cafe's were described, and a set of measures was developed, which the organizations involved may adopt to upgrade weaknesses and fight the described threats. Thus, the importance of these events is considerable for the implementation of one of the foundations of the Circular Economy, repair, and the relevance they have in terms of social cohesion and environmental awareness. These events have great potential for growth, since most participants has a good experience, participates again, and spread the message to friends and family. However, the community needs to grow locally and nationally in both countries.
We live in an increasingly consumerist society, with unsustainable consumption habits and little awareness of the consequences of their choices and actions. The constant search for new technological equipment has led to the excessive extraction of natural resources, the depletion of raw material reserves and to the extreme production of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). These equipments are made up of harmful substances, that when deposited in the “common” garbage bin are taken to a landfill or can even pollute soils and waterlines, contaminating the food chain. Due to the increase of this search, products’ life cycle has been declining and, thus, there is a boost in the production of such equipments and in the upgrade of the pre-existent ones, which heightens the environmental impact associated to this excessive production. Reparation is one the pillars of Circular Economy, which aims to extend products’ useful lifespan more sustainably. It is a process through which damaged objects can be recovered, replacing or using components to repair other objects, and which has gained more adherents in recent years, due to the environmental awareness of consumers or their emotional connection to the damaged objects, the aim to reach a more sustainable society, among other reasons. “Repair Café” is a recent example of initiatives that have emerged in several countries that promote repair (i.e. Ireland, Australia, UK, Italy, etc.). These are public events, where anyone can participate for free, if they bring a damaged object from home or want to enjoy good company and drink a cup of coffee. It is a place for learning and sharing knowledge, between both participants and volunteers, who interact and successfully, or not, repair the objects taken. Given the growing number and importance of “Repair Café”, the main objective of this dissertation was to carry out a comparative study between the “Repair Café” carried out in Portugal and Spain, evaluating their role for the Circular Economy and society, namely the benefits and influence that these events can have on a social, environmental, and economic levels in each country. In that sense, interviews and surveys were made to the organizations and participants involved in these events, in Portugal and Spain, and visits were made to the events that took place in Lisbon. From this data, a SWOT analysis was performed, noting the strong points, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in Repair Café's. Through the data collected, it was possible to understand and get to know better the functioning, organization and future perspectives of the various Repair Café interviewed, to have a better perception about the attended events and, finally, to obtain a better understanding of the participants and visitors, such as their motivations for participating, their degree of satisfaction, the frequency of participation, their possible interest in participating as volunteers and the suggestion of some opportunities of improvement. From this data, a SWOT analysis was performed, noting the strong points, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in Repair Café's. At last, the main barriers to Repair Cafe's were described, and a set of measures was developed, which the organizations involved may adopt to upgrade weaknesses and fight the described threats. Thus, the importance of these events is considerable for the implementation of one of the foundations of the Circular Economy, repair, and the relevance they have in terms of social cohesion and environmental awareness. These events have great potential for growth, since most participants has a good experience, participates again, and spread the message to friends and family. However, the community needs to grow locally and nationally in both countries.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Economia Circular Reparação “Repair Café” extensão da vida útil dos produtos Equipamentos elétricos e eletrónicos