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Sistemas Tecnológicos Aplicados na Análise Ergonómica do Trabalho Industrial
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Os trabalhadores, por vezes, exercem as suas funções em postos de trabalho que não foram concebidos considerando as suas características físicas, capacidades, limitações nem as próprias exigências do trabalho, o que potencializa o desenvolvimento de patologias.
Com o contínuo desenvolvimento tecnológico ao longo dos anos, o campo da Ergonomia tem evoluído de forma significativa com o desenvolvimento e adoção de tecnologias inovado-ras. Isto desencadeou a ideia de realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca de siste-mas tecnológicos aplicados na análise ergonómica do trabalho em contexto de trabalho indus-trial. Tal revisão foi concebida tendo como base as recomendações da metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Foram definidos como principais objetivos compreender quais os tipos de indústria onde é mais frequente a implementação de ferramentas de apoio à avaliação ergonómica, com-preender para que tipos de trabalho as várias ferramentas são adequadas e estabelecer uma base científica atualizada que apoie futuras investigações sobre o mesmo tópico.
Depois de efetuada a pesquisa literária foram selecionados 26 artigos elegíveis. Foi veri-ficado, após a compilação e análise dos artigos selecionados, que ao longo dos anos há uma tendência para o aumento do número de estudos relacionados com a temática. Os estudos encontrados aplicaram à análise ergonómica sensores de movimento; sistemas de câmaras para captura de movimento; eletromiografia (EMG); realidade virtual (RV), realidade aumen-tada (RA), realidade mista (RM); e softwares de simulação.
Os sensores de movimento inerciais e câmaras de captura de movimento foram as tec-nologias mais adotadas, tendo sido, por sua vez, maioritariamente utilizados para a recolha de dados de movimentos posturais em ambientes de trabalho reais. Verificou-se que as tecno-logias de RV, RA e RM, permitem a simulação de estações de trabalho sendo particularmente úteis aquando da sua conceção. Já a eletromiografia demonstrou-se essencial crucial para a análise de fadiga muscular.
A presente revisão sistemática contribui para um melhor entender acerca da integração, nos dias de hoje, da tecnologia na avaliação ergonómica, demonstrando quais as mais utiliza-das e em que contextos deverão ser utilizadas. Também fornece informações e recomendações relevantes para futuros trabalhos acerca da temática abordada.
Workers occasionally perform their duties at workstations that were not designed con-sidering their physical characteristics, abilities, limitations, or the requirements of the job itself, leading to the development of pathologies. With the continuous technological development over the years, the field of Ergonomics has evolved significantly with the development and adoption of innovative technologies. This initiated the idea of developing a systematic literature review about technological systems ap-plied in ergonomic work analysis in an industrial work context. This review was designed based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology (PRISMA). Understanding the types of industry where the implementation of tools to support er-gonomic assessment is more frequent, understanding for which types of work the various tools are suitable, and establishing an updated scientific basis to support future research on the same topic, were the main objectives defined. After the literature search, 26 eligible articles were selected. It was verified, after compil-ing and analyzing the selected articles, that over the years there is a tendency for the number of studies related to the topic to increase. The studies applied motion sensors; camera systems for motion capture; electromyography; virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality; and simulation software to ergonomic analysis. Inertial motion sensors and motion capture cameras were the most adopted technologies and were mostly used to collect postural motion data in real work environments. It was found that virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies allow the simulation of workstations and are particularly useful when designing them. Electromyography, on the other hand, proved to be crucially essential for muscle fatigue analysis. This systematic review provides a better understanding of the integration of technology in ergonomic assessment nowadays, showing which technologies are most used and in which contexts they should be used. It also provides relevant information and recommendations for future work on the subject.
Workers occasionally perform their duties at workstations that were not designed con-sidering their physical characteristics, abilities, limitations, or the requirements of the job itself, leading to the development of pathologies. With the continuous technological development over the years, the field of Ergonomics has evolved significantly with the development and adoption of innovative technologies. This initiated the idea of developing a systematic literature review about technological systems ap-plied in ergonomic work analysis in an industrial work context. This review was designed based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology (PRISMA). Understanding the types of industry where the implementation of tools to support er-gonomic assessment is more frequent, understanding for which types of work the various tools are suitable, and establishing an updated scientific basis to support future research on the same topic, were the main objectives defined. After the literature search, 26 eligible articles were selected. It was verified, after compil-ing and analyzing the selected articles, that over the years there is a tendency for the number of studies related to the topic to increase. The studies applied motion sensors; camera systems for motion capture; electromyography; virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality; and simulation software to ergonomic analysis. Inertial motion sensors and motion capture cameras were the most adopted technologies and were mostly used to collect postural motion data in real work environments. It was found that virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies allow the simulation of workstations and are particularly useful when designing them. Electromyography, on the other hand, proved to be crucially essential for muscle fatigue analysis. This systematic review provides a better understanding of the integration of technology in ergonomic assessment nowadays, showing which technologies are most used and in which contexts they should be used. It also provides relevant information and recommendations for future work on the subject.
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Tecnologia Ergonomia Domínio Físico Lesões músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho (LMERT) Indústria