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Estudo do impacto socioeconómico e das dificuldades de acesso aos cuidados de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 nas famílias imigrantes e nativas do concelho de Amadora ao longo dos anos 2020 e 2021
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe consigo não só impactos sanitários, como
também, impactos económicos e sociais que recaíram de forma mais profunda no grupo
de indivíduos mais vulneráveis do qual o imigrante faz parte. Neste contexto
profundamente marcado pela pandemia provocada pela COVID-19, a presente
dissertação de mestrado buscou evidências das vulnerabilidades pré-existentes sobre os
imigrantes do concelho de Amadora e até que ponto as mesmas foram exacerbadas por
esta pandemia.
Objetivos: Analisar as dinâmicas socioeconómicas e as dificuldades de acesso aos
cuidados de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 nas famílias (e suas crianças)
imigrantes e nativas no concelho de Amadora ao longo dos anos 2020 e 2021.
Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional de coorte prospetivo realizado
no ACES do concelho da Amadora, Região Metropolitana de Lisboa, através de
questionários presenciais e entrevistas telefónicas. Em 2019 foram colhidos dados sobre
o perfil sociodemográfico e socioeconómicos das famílias em uma Coorte de 420
domicílios. Ao longo dos anos 2020 e 2021 foram realizados questionários para avaliação
das mudanças socioeconómicas e de acesso aos cuidados de saúde ocorridas durante
pandemia. Foi feita análise descritiva das principais variáveis e a comparação entre o
grupo dos nativos e imigrantes foi realizada com recurso a testes estatísticos paramétricos
e não paramétricos, em função do tipo de variável. Também foi feita a comparação, em
termos descritivos, dos resultados dos anos 2020 e 2021.
Resultados: Na linha de base foram entrevistados presencialmente 420 indivíduos dos
quais 51% eram imigrantes. Em julho de 2020, 287 indivíduos responderam ao 1º
questionário telefónico (taxa de resposta de 70%) dos quais 47% são imigrantes. Em
janeiro de 2022, 300 indivíduos responderam ao 2º questionário telefónico (taxa de
resposta 71%), dos quais 43,6% são imigrantes. Os países da CPLP tiveram maior
representatividade na origem das famílias imigrantes. As desigualdades socioeconómicas
preexistentes entre imigrantes e nativos foram exacerbadas durante a pandemia. Durante
a pandemia de COVID-19, os imigrantes quando comparados com os nativos, foram mais
propensos a ficar desempregados, em ter afastamento temporário e a ter perda de
rendimento mensal. Os imigrantes também foram aqueles que reportaram ter tido maiores
dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia, nomeadamente em comprar de alimentos,
produtos de higiene e pagar outras contas; as crianças imigrantes tiveram mais dificuldade
em acompanhar as aulas a distância. Também foram os imigrantes que mais dificuldades
tiveram no acesso aos cuidados de saúde, nomeadamente nas idas às urgências. Em geral
os resultados foram semelhantes durante os anos 2020 e 2021 e estão de acordo com
outros estudos semelhantes.
Conclusão: Este estudo mostra a existência de desigualdades socioeconómicas e de
acesso aos cuidados de saúde entre os nativos e os imigrantes da Amadora. A pandemia
da COVID-19 veio exacerbar estas desigualdades tanto em 2020 como durante 2021.
Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de se definirem políticas de saúde dirigidas
especificamente a estas populações mais vulneráveis, nomeadamente em tempos de
disrupção socioeconómica e sanitária.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it not only health impacts but also economic and social impacts that fell more deeply on the most vulnerable group of individuals of which the immigrants are part of. In this context deeply marked by the pandemic caused by COVID-19, this master’s Thesis sought evidences of pre-existing vulnerabilities of immigrants from the municipality of Amadora and the extent to which they were aggravated by this pandemic. Objectives: To analyze the socioeconomic dynamics and the difficulties of accessing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in immigrant and native families (and their children) in the municipality of Amadora over the years 2020 and 2021. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, observational study of the prospective cohort car ried out at ACES in the municipality of Amadora, Lisbon Metropolitan Region, through face-to-face questionnaires and telephone interviews. In 2019, data were collected on the sociodemographic and socioeconomic profile of families in a cohort of 420 households. Over the years 2020 and 2021, questionnaires were carried out to assess the socio-eco nomic changes and access to health care that occurred during the pandemic. A descriptive analysis of the main variables was carried out and the comparison between the group of natives and a group of immigrants was performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, depending on the type of variable. A comparison was also made, in de scriptive terms, of the results of the years 2020 and 2021. Results: At baseline, 420 individuals were interviewed in person, in which 51% were immigrants. In July 2020, 287 individuals responded to the 1st telephone questionnaire (70% response rate), in which 47% are immigrants. In January 2022, 300 individuals re sponded to the 2nd telephone questionnaire (71% response rate), where 43.6% are immi grants. The CPLP countries had greater representation in the origin of immigrant families. Pre-existing socio-economic inequalities between immigrants and natives have been ex acerbated during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, immigrants, when com pared to natives, were more likely to be unemployed, to have temporary leave and to have a loss of monthly income. Immigrants were also those who reported having had greater financial difficulties during the pandemic, namely in buying food, hygiene products and paying other bills; immigrant children had more difficulty keeping up with distance clas ses. It was also the immigrants who had the most difficulties in accessing health care, namely in going to the emergency room. Overall, the results were similar during the years 2020 and 2021 and are in agreement with other similar studies. Conclusion: This study shows the existence of socioeconomic and access to health care inequalities between natives and immigrants from Amadora. The CO-VID-19 pandemic exacerbated these inequalities both in 2020 and during 2021. These results suggest the need to define health policies specifically aimed at these more vulnerable populations, particularly in times of socioeconomic and health disruption.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it not only health impacts but also economic and social impacts that fell more deeply on the most vulnerable group of individuals of which the immigrants are part of. In this context deeply marked by the pandemic caused by COVID-19, this master’s Thesis sought evidences of pre-existing vulnerabilities of immigrants from the municipality of Amadora and the extent to which they were aggravated by this pandemic. Objectives: To analyze the socioeconomic dynamics and the difficulties of accessing health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in immigrant and native families (and their children) in the municipality of Amadora over the years 2020 and 2021. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, observational study of the prospective cohort car ried out at ACES in the municipality of Amadora, Lisbon Metropolitan Region, through face-to-face questionnaires and telephone interviews. In 2019, data were collected on the sociodemographic and socioeconomic profile of families in a cohort of 420 households. Over the years 2020 and 2021, questionnaires were carried out to assess the socio-eco nomic changes and access to health care that occurred during the pandemic. A descriptive analysis of the main variables was carried out and the comparison between the group of natives and a group of immigrants was performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, depending on the type of variable. A comparison was also made, in de scriptive terms, of the results of the years 2020 and 2021. Results: At baseline, 420 individuals were interviewed in person, in which 51% were immigrants. In July 2020, 287 individuals responded to the 1st telephone questionnaire (70% response rate), in which 47% are immigrants. In January 2022, 300 individuals re sponded to the 2nd telephone questionnaire (71% response rate), where 43.6% are immi grants. The CPLP countries had greater representation in the origin of immigrant families. Pre-existing socio-economic inequalities between immigrants and natives have been ex acerbated during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, immigrants, when com pared to natives, were more likely to be unemployed, to have temporary leave and to have a loss of monthly income. Immigrants were also those who reported having had greater financial difficulties during the pandemic, namely in buying food, hygiene products and paying other bills; immigrant children had more difficulty keeping up with distance clas ses. It was also the immigrants who had the most difficulties in accessing health care, namely in going to the emergency room. Overall, the results were similar during the years 2020 and 2021 and are in agreement with other similar studies. Conclusion: This study shows the existence of socioeconomic and access to health care inequalities between natives and immigrants from Amadora. The CO-VID-19 pandemic exacerbated these inequalities both in 2020 and during 2021. These results suggest the need to define health policies specifically aimed at these more vulnerable populations, particularly in times of socioeconomic and health disruption.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Covid-19 Desigualdades socioeconómicas Acesso aos cuidados de saúde