A carregar...
Publicação
Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à infeção por SARS-CoV-2 no concelho de Cascais
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Introdução: No final de dezembro de 2019 foi reportado pela China um cluster
patogénico de etiologia desconhecida que provocava pneumonias atípicas e cujos casos
estavam epidemiologicamente ligados a um mercado urbano na cidade de Wuhan,
província de Hubei. O vírus SARS-CoV-2, desconhecido até então, rapidamente se
disseminou pelo mundo e causou uma pandemia sem precedentes. Face ao contexto
pandémico, onde Portugal não foi exceção, observou-se um crescente número de infeções
pelo vírus, assim como um aumento de internamentos por gravidade da situação de
doença e consequentemente elevado número de mortes, constituindo-se como um enorme
problema para a saúde pública. Desta forma, o município de Cascais, em parceria com
entidades da área farmacêutica e laboratorial, desenvolveu e aplicou um inquérito
serológico na população residente no concelho, estudando a prevalência de anticorpos ao
SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Descrever a potencial associação entre os fatores
sociodemográficos e comportamentais e o resultado dos testes laboratoriais realizados no
âmbito do inquérito serológico de Cascais. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico
observacional analítico, do tipo transversal, com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística
e não aleatória, em que os dados analisados e interpretados se reportam ao período de
maio de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Analisou-se a potencial associação entre cada uma das
variáveis independentes, relacionadas com os fatores sociodemográficos e
comportamentais e cada uma das variáveis dependentes: autoreporte de realização e
resultado de teste RT-PCR e resultado do teste serológico. Para tal, procedeu-se à
regressão logística bivariada, ao cálculo dos odds ratio e ao teste do qui-quadrado.
Realizou-se igualmente uma regressão logística multivariada para calcular os odds ratio
ajustados às restantes variáveis. Resultados: O estudo contou com a participação de 20
560 indivíduos e estimou-se uma seroprevalência global de 2,0% (IC 95%: 1,8% - 2,2%).
As categorias sociodemográficas com maior seroprevalência (associação estatisticamente
significativa) foram: sexo masculino, faixas etárias mais jovens, agregado familiar com
mais de 5 elementos e ter viajado para fora de Portugal. Alcabideche foi a freguesia do
concelho de Cascais com seroprevalência mais baixa. O contacto prévio com casos
suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19 mostrou igualmente uma forte associação com o
resultado reativo no teste serológico e com autoreporte de um teste RT-PCR positivo. O
autoreporte de um teste RT-PCR positivo também se revelou associado a um resultado de teste serológico reativo. Ao nível comportamental, os indivíduos com sintomatologia
sugestiva da doença, os que exerciam funções na área da saúde e os que afirmaram ter
tido contatos prévios com casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19 realizaram o
teste PCR em maior proporção. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar fatores
sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à infeção por SARS-CoV-2 na
população de Cascais, assim como estimar a prevalência de anticorpos para o vírus nos
habitantes do concelho. Possibilitou ainda uma reflexão sobre a utilidade de futuros
estudos seroepidemiológicos nacionais e mundiais na resposta a pandemias e da sua
definição de medidas e políticas de saúde pública baseadas em evidência.
Introduction: At the end of December 2019, China reported a pathogenic cluster of unknown etiology that caused atypical pneumonia and whose cases were epidemiologically linked to an urban market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, unknown until then, quickly spread around the world and caused an unprecedented pandemic. Due to the pandemic context, where Portugal was no exception, there was an increasing number of infections by the virus, as well as an increase in hospitalizations because of the severity of the disease situation and consequently a high number of deaths, constituting a huge problem for the population-public health. Thus, the municipality of Cascais, in partnership with pharmaceutical and laboratory entities, developed and applied a serological survey to the population residing in the municipality, studying the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To describe the potential association between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and the results of laboratory tests carried out as part of the serological survey to the population of Cascais. Methodology: This is an analytical observational epidemiological study, cross sectional type, using a non-probabilistic and non-random sample, where the analysed and interpreted data refers to the period from May 2020 to February 2021. We analysed the association between each of the independent variables, related to socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and each of the dependent variables: self-reporting of result of the RT-PCR test and the result of the serological test. For this purpose, we carried out simple logistic regression, odds ratio calculation and the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios to the remaining variables. Results: The study involved 20 560 individuals and an overall seroprevalence of 2.0% (95% CI: 1.8% - 2.2%) was estimated. The sociodemographic categories with higher seroprevalence (statistically significant association) were: male gender, younger age groups, household with more than 5 elements and having travelled outside Portugal. Alcabideche was the parish with the lowest seroprevalence in Cascais municipality. Prior contact with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 also showed a strong association with reactive serological tests and self-reporting of positive results in RT-PCR tests. A positive RT-PCR test result was also an influential factor in obtaining a reactive serological test result. Conclusion: This study allowed to identify socio-demographic and behavioural factors associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of Cascais, as well as to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to the virus in the inhabitants of the municipality. It also made it possible to reflect on the utility of national and global seroepidemiological studies in the response to future pandemics and on its importance for the definition of evidence-based public health measures and policies.
Introduction: At the end of December 2019, China reported a pathogenic cluster of unknown etiology that caused atypical pneumonia and whose cases were epidemiologically linked to an urban market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, unknown until then, quickly spread around the world and caused an unprecedented pandemic. Due to the pandemic context, where Portugal was no exception, there was an increasing number of infections by the virus, as well as an increase in hospitalizations because of the severity of the disease situation and consequently a high number of deaths, constituting a huge problem for the population-public health. Thus, the municipality of Cascais, in partnership with pharmaceutical and laboratory entities, developed and applied a serological survey to the population residing in the municipality, studying the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To describe the potential association between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and the results of laboratory tests carried out as part of the serological survey to the population of Cascais. Methodology: This is an analytical observational epidemiological study, cross sectional type, using a non-probabilistic and non-random sample, where the analysed and interpreted data refers to the period from May 2020 to February 2021. We analysed the association between each of the independent variables, related to socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and each of the dependent variables: self-reporting of result of the RT-PCR test and the result of the serological test. For this purpose, we carried out simple logistic regression, odds ratio calculation and the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios to the remaining variables. Results: The study involved 20 560 individuals and an overall seroprevalence of 2.0% (95% CI: 1.8% - 2.2%) was estimated. The sociodemographic categories with higher seroprevalence (statistically significant association) were: male gender, younger age groups, household with more than 5 elements and having travelled outside Portugal. Alcabideche was the parish with the lowest seroprevalence in Cascais municipality. Prior contact with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 also showed a strong association with reactive serological tests and self-reporting of positive results in RT-PCR tests. A positive RT-PCR test result was also an influential factor in obtaining a reactive serological test result. Conclusion: This study allowed to identify socio-demographic and behavioural factors associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of Cascais, as well as to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to the virus in the inhabitants of the municipality. It also made it possible to reflect on the utility of national and global seroepidemiological studies in the response to future pandemics and on its importance for the definition of evidence-based public health measures and policies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais Infeção por SARS CoV-2 Inquéritos serológicos Diagnóstico COVID-19