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A necessidade de detetar precocemente o dano em estruturas, permitindo assim evitar o seu desgaste, e os significativos custos financeiros associados, poupando vidas humanas e animais, foram as motivações para esta dissertação, levando a querer explorar mais detalhadamente este tema.
Tendo como objetivo a deteção e localização do dano, foi escolhida uma metodologia que faz uso das ‘Transmissibilidades’ como ponto de partida para uma identificação do dano. Uma vez que estas apresentam a vantagem, de para a sua determinação, não ser necessário conhecer a força aplicada. São destacadas duas diferentes, as transmissibilidades de translação, que podem ser descritas como a relação entre deslocamentos medidos em dois pontos sucessivos, 1 e 2, (𝑋2𝑋1⁄) e as transmissibilidades de rotação, que traduzem a relação de rotações entre os mesmos pontos (𝛩2𝛩1⁄).
Pretende-se, desta forma, aferir sobre a capacidade desta metodologia em detetar e localizar relativamente o dano numa determinada estrutura. Para este estudo foram utilizados dados obtidos através de uma simulação numérica de uma viga na condição de apoio livre-livre, pois em termos experimentais esta é condição de apoio mais fácil de implementar. Foi a partir desta condição de apoio que se obtiveram as transmissibilidades referentes às translações e rotações, para a situação com e sem dano. Para este efeito, consideraram-se doze pontos de medição das respostas dinâmicas e doze pontos de excitação da estrutura, sendo estes coincidentes. A metodologia desenvolvida utiliza cinco diferentes indicadores (Erro, Razão, Coe, Csf e Diferença) para tentar identificar o dano. Estes indicadores comparam a variação verificada entre duas curvas, neste caso as curvas de transmissibilidade da estrutura com e sem dano.
Quanto aos resultados obtidos, há a destacar nesta dissertação que o indicador da Razão apresentou os resultados mais satisfatórios quando foram utilizadas transmissibilidades referentes à translação, enquanto que a Diferença se revelou o indicador mais eficaz na deteção e localização do dano com base no vetor das rotações, para a generalidade dos casos de estudo efetuados.
Considera-se, pois, que esta dissertação e os seus resultados são uma contribuição na área da identificação do dano.
The need for early detection of damage in structures, thus preventing their failure, and the associated significant financial costs, saving human and animal lives, were the motivations for this dissertation, leading to a desire to explore this topic in more detail. With the aim of detecting and locating damage, a methodology was chosen that makes use of 'Transmissibilities' as a starting point for damage identification. Since these have the advantage that, for their determination, it is not necessary to know the applied force. Two different ones are highlighted, in this dissertation, the translation transmissibilities, which can be described as the ratio between displacements measured at two successive points, 1 and 2, (𝑋2𝑋1⁄) and the rotation transmissibilities, which translate the ratio of rotations between the same points (𝛩2𝛩1⁄). The aim is to assess the capacity of this methodology to detect and locate damage in a given structure. For this study, data obtained from a numerical simulation of a beam in the free-supported condition were used, since in experimental terms this is the easiest support condition to implement. It was from this support condition that the transmissibilities referring to translations and rotations were obtained, for both situations with and without damage. For this purpose, twelve dynamic response measurement points and twelve coincident excitation points of the structure were considered. The methodology developed uses five different indicators (Error, Ratio, Coe, Csf and Difference) to try to identify the damage. These indicators compare the variation between two curves, in this case the transmissibility curves of the structure with and without damage. Regarding the results obtained, it should be noted that the Ratio indicator showed the most satisfactory results when translational transmissibilities were used, while the Difference proved to be the most effective indicator for detecting and locating damage based on the rotations vector for most of the cases studied. Therefore, this dissertation and its results are considered to be a contribution in the area of damage identification.
The need for early detection of damage in structures, thus preventing their failure, and the associated significant financial costs, saving human and animal lives, were the motivations for this dissertation, leading to a desire to explore this topic in more detail. With the aim of detecting and locating damage, a methodology was chosen that makes use of 'Transmissibilities' as a starting point for damage identification. Since these have the advantage that, for their determination, it is not necessary to know the applied force. Two different ones are highlighted, in this dissertation, the translation transmissibilities, which can be described as the ratio between displacements measured at two successive points, 1 and 2, (𝑋2𝑋1⁄) and the rotation transmissibilities, which translate the ratio of rotations between the same points (𝛩2𝛩1⁄). The aim is to assess the capacity of this methodology to detect and locate damage in a given structure. For this study, data obtained from a numerical simulation of a beam in the free-supported condition were used, since in experimental terms this is the easiest support condition to implement. It was from this support condition that the transmissibilities referring to translations and rotations were obtained, for both situations with and without damage. For this purpose, twelve dynamic response measurement points and twelve coincident excitation points of the structure were considered. The methodology developed uses five different indicators (Error, Ratio, Coe, Csf and Difference) to try to identify the damage. These indicators compare the variation between two curves, in this case the transmissibility curves of the structure with and without damage. Regarding the results obtained, it should be noted that the Ratio indicator showed the most satisfactory results when translational transmissibilities were used, while the Difference proved to be the most effective indicator for detecting and locating damage based on the rotations vector for most of the cases studied. Therefore, this dissertation and its results are considered to be a contribution in the area of damage identification.
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Palavras-chave
Deteção e Localização de dano Transmissibilidades Indicadores
