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MODELAÇÃO E SIMULAÇÃO DA REFORMAÇÃO DE METANO COM VAPOR NUM REATOR SOLAR POROSO
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A radiação solar, que diariamente chega à Terra, constitui uma alternativa às fontes de energia tradicionais, sendo que o seu aproveitamento é realizado de várias formas, dependendo da finalidade. Um desses modos de aproveitamento é efetuado com base na tecnologia da Energia Solar Concentrada onde é possível a obtenção de calor de altas temperaturas de modo a possibilitar a produção de eletricidade, no entanto, este também pode ser utilizado na realização de processos químicos endotérmicos tais como a reformação de metano a vapor, sendo este o foco da presente dissertação.
De forma mais objetiva, no presente documento foram implementadas as equações que descrevem os fenómenos físicos e químicos inerentes ao processo químico que ocorre num reator específico para o efeito, em software adequado (STAR-CCM+), de modo a reproduzir a realidade no que diz respeito à reformação com recurso a energia solar, assim como as diferentes propriedades geométricas e termofísicas dos componentes do respetivo reator químico.
Após a implementação do modelo numérico em questão, foi efetuada uma análise relativamente à influência de alguns termos da modelação matemática, tais como a difusividade, e dos parâmetros operacionais, entre eles a velocidade e temperatura de entrada do escoamento, na conversão de metano, verificando-se que foi na análise paramétrica onde se observaram diferenças mais significativas relativamente a parâmetros que caracterizam o desempenho do reator. Significa isto que, para que o processo químico seja o mais eficiente possível, é necessário garantir determinados valores do ponto de vista operacional e das características dos componentes do reator.
The solar radiation that reaches Earth, on a daily basis, constitutes an alternative to tra-ditional energy sources, and its use is carried out in several ways, depending on the purpose. One of these ways of exploitation is based on the technology of Concentrated Solar Energy where it is possible to obtain heat of high temperatures in order to enable the production of electricity, however, this can also be used in carrying out endothermic chemical processes such as steam methane reforming, being this one the focus of this dissertation. More objectively, in this document were implemented the equations that describe the physical and chemical phenomena inherent to the chemical process that takes place in a spe-cific reactor for this purpose, in suitable software (STAR-CCM+), in order to reproduce the reality regarding reforming with solar energy, as well as the different geometric and thermo-physical properties of the components of the respective chemical reactor. After the implementation of the numerical model, an analysis was carried out regarding the influence of some terms of the mathematical modeling, such as diffusivity, and operational parameters, including velocity and flow inlet temperature, on the conversion of methane, ver-ifying that it was in the parametric analysis where the most significant differences were observed regarding the parameters that characterize the performance of the reactor. This means that, for the chemical process to be as efficient as possible, it is necessary to guarantee certain values from the operational point of view and the characteristics of the reactor components.
The solar radiation that reaches Earth, on a daily basis, constitutes an alternative to tra-ditional energy sources, and its use is carried out in several ways, depending on the purpose. One of these ways of exploitation is based on the technology of Concentrated Solar Energy where it is possible to obtain heat of high temperatures in order to enable the production of electricity, however, this can also be used in carrying out endothermic chemical processes such as steam methane reforming, being this one the focus of this dissertation. More objectively, in this document were implemented the equations that describe the physical and chemical phenomena inherent to the chemical process that takes place in a spe-cific reactor for this purpose, in suitable software (STAR-CCM+), in order to reproduce the reality regarding reforming with solar energy, as well as the different geometric and thermo-physical properties of the components of the respective chemical reactor. After the implementation of the numerical model, an analysis was carried out regarding the influence of some terms of the mathematical modeling, such as diffusivity, and operational parameters, including velocity and flow inlet temperature, on the conversion of methane, ver-ifying that it was in the parametric analysis where the most significant differences were observed regarding the parameters that characterize the performance of the reactor. This means that, for the chemical process to be as efficient as possible, it is necessary to guarantee certain values from the operational point of view and the characteristics of the reactor components.
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Palavras-chave
Reator Solar Energia Solar Concentrada Metano Gás de Síntese Reformação a Vapor Simulações Numéricas