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Aplicação de metodologias Active Learning para a formação de colaboradores em Temáticas de Manufatura Lean: Um Estudo de Caso
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Resumo(s)
As metodologias Lean permitem identificar e distinguir as tarefas de valor acrescentado
das tarefas de valor não-acrescentado, permitindo a eliminação de desperdício e melhorar a
eficiência dos processos. Dada a sua importância, as organizações têm recorrido a estas meto-
dologias como forma de garantir a sua competitividade.
Por este motivo, é importante formar as equipas com este conjunto de competências,
inerentes às metodologias Lean, que permitam uma plena e correta implementação destas
metodologias nas organizações. Infelizmente, a forma mais comum para a transmissão de co-
nhecimento neste conjunto de matérias é pela via teórica e expositiva, que atribui aos forman-
dos um papel passivo no seu próprio processo de aprendizagem, o que dificulta a adequada
aquisição de conhecimento sobre as metodologias Lean. Diversos estudos foram conduzidos
com o intuito de compreender de que forma diferentes metodologias de ensino, nomeada-
mente as metodologias de active learning, conseguem colmatar as limitações associadas ao en-
sino de Manufatura Lean pelo meio tradicional e teórico.
Pretendeu-se no presente estudo o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um modelo de for-
mação baseado nos princípios de aprendizagem ativa e a respetiva avaliação dos resultados
oriundos das formações aplicadas em contexto organizacional, face aos resultados obtidos
pela via da formação baseada nas metodologias tradicionais de ensino. Este projeto ocorreu
nas instalações da Eugster & Frismag, uma empresa que se dedica à manufatura de pequenos
eletrodomésticos, e implicou o envolvimento e a formação de 40 trabalhadores da referida
empresa em matérias de 5S.
Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as soluções concebidas para este projeto
para as formações baseadas nos modelos tradicionais e para as formações baseadas nos mo-
delos de aprendizagem ativa não diferiram significativamente na demonstração de conheci-
mento adquirido por parte dos formandos. Por outro lado, a avaliação motivacional realizada
indica que os formandos sujeitos às formações baseadas em tipologias de ensino ativo apre-
sentaram níveis de satisfação e de relevância percepcionada sobre estas matérias significati-
vamente inferiores que os níveis demonstrados pelos formandos submetidos a formações ba-
seadas nos modelos tradicionais de ensino. Estes resultados demonstram que as vantagens
muitas vezes associadas às metodologias de active learning para o ensino face aos métodos
tradicionais não são garantidos e o desenho destas soluções para a formação dos trabalhado-
res de uma organização deverá ter em consideração as características do público-alvo.
Lean methodologies allow to identify and separate value-added from non-value-added tasks, allowing the elimination of waste and improving process efficiency. Given its im- portance, organizations have used this set of tools to ensure their competitiveness. For this reason, it is important to train teams with this set of skills that allow a full and correct implementation of these methodologies in organizations. Unfortunately, the most common way of transmitting knowledge in this set of subjects is through the theoretical and expository route, which gives trainees a passive role in their own learning process, hindering the adequate acquisition of knowledge about Lean methodologies. Several studies were car- ried out in order to understand how different teaching methodologies, namely active learning methodologies, manage to overcome the limitations associated with the teaching of Lean Manufacturing through traditional and theoretical means. Proposed by Lean Academy Portugal, the scope of this study was to develop and apply a training model based on the principles of active learning and the respective evaluation of the results arising from training applied in an organizational context, in view of the results obtained through training based on in traditional teaching methodologies. This project took place at the premises of Eugster & Frismag, a company dedicated to the manufacture of small home appliances and involved the involvement and training of 40 workers from that company in 5S matters. The results of this study showed that the solutions designed for training based on tra- ditional models and for training based on active learning models did not significantly differ in the demonstration of knowledge acquired by the trainees. On the other hand, the motiva- tional assessment carried out indicates that trainees undergoing training based on active teaching typologies had significantly lower levels of satisfaction and perceived relevance on these subjects than the levels shown by trainees undergoing training based on traditional teaching models. These results demonstrate that the advantages often associated with active learning methodologies for teaching compared to traditional methods are not guaranteed and the design of these solutions for the training of workers in an organization should take into account the characteristics of the target audience.
Lean methodologies allow to identify and separate value-added from non-value-added tasks, allowing the elimination of waste and improving process efficiency. Given its im- portance, organizations have used this set of tools to ensure their competitiveness. For this reason, it is important to train teams with this set of skills that allow a full and correct implementation of these methodologies in organizations. Unfortunately, the most common way of transmitting knowledge in this set of subjects is through the theoretical and expository route, which gives trainees a passive role in their own learning process, hindering the adequate acquisition of knowledge about Lean methodologies. Several studies were car- ried out in order to understand how different teaching methodologies, namely active learning methodologies, manage to overcome the limitations associated with the teaching of Lean Manufacturing through traditional and theoretical means. Proposed by Lean Academy Portugal, the scope of this study was to develop and apply a training model based on the principles of active learning and the respective evaluation of the results arising from training applied in an organizational context, in view of the results obtained through training based on in traditional teaching methodologies. This project took place at the premises of Eugster & Frismag, a company dedicated to the manufacture of small home appliances and involved the involvement and training of 40 workers from that company in 5S matters. The results of this study showed that the solutions designed for training based on tra- ditional models and for training based on active learning models did not significantly differ in the demonstration of knowledge acquired by the trainees. On the other hand, the motiva- tional assessment carried out indicates that trainees undergoing training based on active teaching typologies had significantly lower levels of satisfaction and perceived relevance on these subjects than the levels shown by trainees undergoing training based on traditional teaching models. These results demonstrate that the advantages often associated with active learning methodologies for teaching compared to traditional methods are not guaranteed and the design of these solutions for the training of workers in an organization should take into account the characteristics of the target audience.
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Palavras-chave
Manufatura Lean aprendizagem ativa formação learn by doing 5S