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IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO PARADIGMA FOG COMPUTING EM SISTEMAS CIBERFÍSICOS ATRAVÉS DE AGENTES CONTAINARIZADOS
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Ao longo dos anos, foram propostos vários paradigmas de manufatura para que os produtores
conseguissem acompanhar as evoluções do mercado, especialmente ao nível da
costumização dos produtos. Como consequência, ocorreu uma passagem de sistemas de
manufatura com estruturas fixas, para sistemas mais dinâmicos e descentralizados, com
maior capacidade de adaptação face às mudanças do mercado.
No contexto dos novos paradigmas de manufatura surgem os sistemas ciberfísicos,
juntando o mundo físico com o digital. Este tipo de sistemas são da maior importância
na medida em que permitiram facilmente monitorizar e controlar processos industriais,
garantindo a resposta a necessidades ou mesmo falhas inesperadas. Aliado a este tipo
de sistemas, começam a ser aplicados novos paradigmas de computação na indústria
de manufatura, tais como o cloud, fog e edge computing, aumentando a funcionalidade e
adaptabilidade das fábricas.
Tendo em conta a necessidade de realizar mudanças nos sistemas, o conceito de reconfiguração
no ambiente industrial tornou-se essencial, ou seja, os sistemas devem ter
capacidade de conseguir alterar rapidamente os seus elementos, quer de software, como
de hardware, para garantir que as mudanças no mercado sejam acompanhadas da melhor
forma possível. As aplicações realizadas no contexto da reconfiguração focam-se, maioritariamente,
na reparametrização dos módulos ciberfísicos, assim como a adição e remoção
dos mesmos, deixando a reconfiguração de software por explorar. Considerando os aspetos
referidos, esta dissertação propõe uma arquitetura facilitadora da reconfiguração,
ao nível do software, dos elementos de uma fábrica. Neste caso, aplicou-se o paradigma
multiagente, aliado ao uso de containers e de uma camada de integração, para que um
dado utilizador selecionasse dinamicamente a configuração de um ambiente industrial.
Juntamente com estas tecnologias, explorou-se o conceito de fog e edge computing, para
hospedar os agentes dos sistemas, assim como controlar os módulos ciberfísicos da arquitetura.
Over the years, several manufacturing paradigms have been proposed to help manufacturers keep up with market demands, especially in aspects related to product customization. There has been a shift from manufacturing systems with a fixed structure to more dynamic and decentralized ones, with greater capacity to adapt to those changes. In the context of this new manufacturing paradigms, cyber-physical systems have emerged, joining the physical and the digital worlds. This type of systems are of the utmost importance as they facilitate the monitorization and control of industrial processes, guaranteeing a response to the market needs or even unexpected failures. Allied to this type of systems, new computing paradigms are being applied in the manufacturing industry, such as the cloud, fog and edge computing, increasing the functionality and adaptability of factories. Given the need to make changes to systems, the concept of reconfiguration in the industrial environment has become essential, i.e. the ability to rapidly change their elements, both software and hardware, to ensure that changes in the market are accompanied in the best possible way. Most of the applications in the reconfiguration domain focus on re-parametrization and addition or removal of cyber-physical modules, leaving space for software reconfiguration. Considering the mentioned aspects, the present dissertation, proposes an architecture that facilitates the reconfiguration, at the software level, of the elements of a factory. In this case, a multi-agent paradigm was used, together with the use of containers and an integration layer, so that a given user could dynamically select the configuration of an industrial environment. Along with these technologies, the concept of fog and edge computing were explored, to host the systems agents, as well as to control the cyber-physical modules of the architecture.
Over the years, several manufacturing paradigms have been proposed to help manufacturers keep up with market demands, especially in aspects related to product customization. There has been a shift from manufacturing systems with a fixed structure to more dynamic and decentralized ones, with greater capacity to adapt to those changes. In the context of this new manufacturing paradigms, cyber-physical systems have emerged, joining the physical and the digital worlds. This type of systems are of the utmost importance as they facilitate the monitorization and control of industrial processes, guaranteeing a response to the market needs or even unexpected failures. Allied to this type of systems, new computing paradigms are being applied in the manufacturing industry, such as the cloud, fog and edge computing, increasing the functionality and adaptability of factories. Given the need to make changes to systems, the concept of reconfiguration in the industrial environment has become essential, i.e. the ability to rapidly change their elements, both software and hardware, to ensure that changes in the market are accompanied in the best possible way. Most of the applications in the reconfiguration domain focus on re-parametrization and addition or removal of cyber-physical modules, leaving space for software reconfiguration. Considering the mentioned aspects, the present dissertation, proposes an architecture that facilitates the reconfiguration, at the software level, of the elements of a factory. In this case, a multi-agent paradigm was used, together with the use of containers and an integration layer, so that a given user could dynamically select the configuration of an industrial environment. Along with these technologies, the concept of fog and edge computing were explored, to host the systems agents, as well as to control the cyber-physical modules of the architecture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indústria 4.0 Sistemas Ciberfísicos Fog Computing Reconfiguração