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Recuperação de energia em sistemas de distribuição de águas – análise de uma instalação experimental
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Resumo(s)
O aumento da procura de energia elétrica no mundo e a crescente preocupação por parte
dos especialistas com os problemas ambientais causados pela utilização de recursos não reno-
váveis para a produção de energia, conduz à necessidade de encontrar alternativas mais sus-
tentáveis e económicas que substituam estes mesmos recursos.
Os sistemas de distribuição de águas apresentam-se como locais propícios à implemen-
tação de centrais hidroelétricas de menor escala para a produção de eletricidade, através da
substituição das válvulas redutoras de pressão por bombas a funcionar como turbinas (BFT).
No Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da NOVA SST existe
uma instalação hidráulica vocacionada para o estudo da produção de energia elétrica através
da substituição de válvulas redutoras de pressão por BFTs. No entanto até à data de início
deste trabalho, não se tinha confirmado experimentalmente se a bomba existente permitia im-
por na BFT a sua gama de caudal e altura de funcionamento.
Nesta dissertação realizaram-se alterações na instalação hidráulica existente e recupera-
ram-se alguns dos componentes da mesma a fim de se caracterizar o funcionamento da bomba
e de toda a instalação, no entanto foram identificadas deficiências de construção nas condutas
que impossibilitaram a conclusão do trabalho em tempo útil.
Desenvolveu-se assim um modelo computacional num software de simulação de siste-
mas hidráulicos que permitiu caracterizar a gama de funcionamento da bomba que garante a
operação da BFT à velocidade nominal e que serve de apoio a futuros estudos a realizar na
instalação.
The increasing demand for electric energy in the world and the growing concern of spe- cialists with the environmental problems caused by the use of non-renewable resources for energy production, leads to the need to find more sustainable and economical alternatives to replace these resources. Water distribution networks present themselves as suitable places for the implementa- tion of smaller scale hydroelectric plants for electricity production, through the replacement of pressure reducing valves by pumps as turbines (BFT). At the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of NOVA SST there is a hy- draulic installation dedicated to study the production of electricity through the replacement of pressure reducing valves by BFTs. However, until the beginning of this work, it had not been confirmed experimentally if the pump installed in the plant would be able to impose on BFT its working head and flow range. In this thesis, the existing hydraulic installation was modified and some of its compo- nents were repaired in order to define the operation of the pump and the whole installation. However, construction problems were identified in the pipework, which made it impossible to complete the work in time. A computational model was therefore developed in software for simulating hydraulic systems, which allows the definition of the operating range of the pump that guarantees the operation of the BFT at the nominal speed and which provides support for future studies to be carried out on the installation.
The increasing demand for electric energy in the world and the growing concern of spe- cialists with the environmental problems caused by the use of non-renewable resources for energy production, leads to the need to find more sustainable and economical alternatives to replace these resources. Water distribution networks present themselves as suitable places for the implementa- tion of smaller scale hydroelectric plants for electricity production, through the replacement of pressure reducing valves by pumps as turbines (BFT). At the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of NOVA SST there is a hy- draulic installation dedicated to study the production of electricity through the replacement of pressure reducing valves by BFTs. However, until the beginning of this work, it had not been confirmed experimentally if the pump installed in the plant would be able to impose on BFT its working head and flow range. In this thesis, the existing hydraulic installation was modified and some of its compo- nents were repaired in order to define the operation of the pump and the whole installation. However, construction problems were identified in the pipework, which made it impossible to complete the work in time. A computational model was therefore developed in software for simulating hydraulic systems, which allows the definition of the operating range of the pump that guarantees the operation of the BFT at the nominal speed and which provides support for future studies to be carried out on the installation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bomba a funcionar como turbina Sistemas de distribuição de águas Produção de energia elétrica Aquisição de dados com Arduino