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Publicação
ESTUDO DO ABASTECIMENTO DE UMA LINHA DE MONTAGEM: PROJETO AGILE
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Robôs móveis são a solução atualmente mais em voga para a automação dos processos
de abastecimento na intralogística. No entanto, apesar dos
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)
se revelarem uma solução capaz, a sua falta de flexibilidade revela ser uma limitação impor-
tante no seu uso. Neste contexto surgiram os
Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) que intro-
duzem essa flexibilidade resultante da sua navegação livre e capacidade de reação perante
obstáculos ou outros imprevistos que possam aparecer.
Esta dissertação pretende comparar, através do uso da simulação, duas abordagens di-
ferentes (por AGV e por AMR) para o abastecimento de peças à linha de montagem do sistema
de produção da Volkswagen Autoeuropa. A que recorre a AGV's foi utilizada como compara-
ção à implementação de AMR's prevista para ser aplicada no futuro em chão de fábrica. Para
além da comparação, pretende-se ainda obter resultados acerca do desempenho dos AMR's
para averiguar a viabilidade do seu uso e obter uma validação analítica acerca dos mesmos.
Para alcançar estes objetivos, dois modelos de simulação foram desenvolvidos no
soft-
ware FlexSim e diversas adaptações foram posteriormente por simulação testadas.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a abordagem
Pull do sistema com AMR's
permite reduzir as quantidades de componentes nos
Point of Fit (POF) em comparação com a
abordagem
Push do sistema com AGV's. O estudo de cenários com obstáculos indica que os
AMR's conseguem reagir bem perante a presença de obstáculos em oposição aos AGV's. O
estudo da viabilidade indica que o sistema com AMR's necessita de um maior investimento
para proceder à sua implementação, mas revela ser mais facilmente reconfigurável e com pou-
cos gastos.
Mobile robots are currently the most popular solution for the automation of intralogistics processes. However, although Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) proved to be a capable so- lution, their lack of flexibility proved to be a major limitation in their use. In this context, the Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) emerged, introducing this flexibility that results from their free navigation and ability to react in the face of obstacles and other unforeseen events that may arise. This dissertation intends to compare, through the use of simulation, two different ap- proaches (by AGV and by AMR) for the supply of parts to the assembly line of the Volkswagen Autoeuropa production system. The one with AGV's was used as a comparison to the imple- mentation of AMR's planned to be applied in the future on the factory floor. In addition to this comparison, it is also intended to obtain results about the performance of the AMR's to ascer- tain its feasibility and obtain an analytic validation about them. To achieve these objectives, two simulation models were developed on the FlexSim soft- ware and later several adaptations were tested by simulation. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the Pull approach of the system with AM- R's allows to reduce the amounts of components in the Point of Fit (POF) of the components in comparison with the Push approach of the system with AGV's. The study of scenarios with obstacles indicates that AMR's can react well to obstacles as opposed to AGV's. The feasibility study indicates that the system with AMR's needs a greater investment to carry out its imple- mentation, but it proves to be more easily reconfigurable and with little expense.
Mobile robots are currently the most popular solution for the automation of intralogistics processes. However, although Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) proved to be a capable so- lution, their lack of flexibility proved to be a major limitation in their use. In this context, the Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) emerged, introducing this flexibility that results from their free navigation and ability to react in the face of obstacles and other unforeseen events that may arise. This dissertation intends to compare, through the use of simulation, two different ap- proaches (by AGV and by AMR) for the supply of parts to the assembly line of the Volkswagen Autoeuropa production system. The one with AGV's was used as a comparison to the imple- mentation of AMR's planned to be applied in the future on the factory floor. In addition to this comparison, it is also intended to obtain results about the performance of the AMR's to ascer- tain its feasibility and obtain an analytic validation about them. To achieve these objectives, two simulation models were developed on the FlexSim soft- ware and later several adaptations were tested by simulation. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the Pull approach of the system with AM- R's allows to reduce the amounts of components in the Point of Fit (POF) of the components in comparison with the Push approach of the system with AGV's. The study of scenarios with obstacles indicates that AMR's can react well to obstacles as opposed to AGV's. The feasibility study indicates that the system with AMR's needs a greater investment to carry out its imple- mentation, but it proves to be more easily reconfigurable and with little expense.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Simulação de eventos discretos Intralogística Autonomous Mobile Robot Au- tomated Guided Vehicle