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Experiência de stress em tempos de pandemia COVID-19
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RESUMO - O combate à pandemia COVID-19 implicou medidas como o distanciamento social, confinamento ao domicílio, suspensão temporária das atividades económicas não essenciais e teletrabalho, afetando o quotidiano das populações com potencial impacto na saúde mental. O conhecimento sobre o impacto da pandemia no stress é escasso, em particular no contexto português.
Este estudo pretendeu compreender a experiência de stress e nervosismo e os fatores associados em contexto da pandemia COVID-19, na população portuguesa no período de abril a outubro de 2020.
O estudo tem um desenho exploratório, descritivo e analítico do tipo quantitativo e transversal, surge na sequência do projeto Relacionamentos, Stress e Agressão em tempos de COVID-19 em Portugal Escola Nacional de Saúde Publica – Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
O inquérito desenvolvido pela Universidade de Ghent, foi traduzido e adaptado para o contexto português e aplicado online entre abril e outubro de 2020, sendo divulgado em redes de parceiros, meios de comunicação e instituições que atuam no âmbito da violência.
De um total de 1062 respondentes, 42,1% (n=353) reportou experiência de stress e nervosismo durante a pandemia. Como fatores associados identificou-se ser mulher, ser mais jovem, sentir igual ou maior dificuldade em fazer face às despesas em comparação com o período anterior à pandemia, reportar vitimação de violência doméstica, e percecionar as suas relações sociais, presenciais ou à distância, como insatisfatórias. Como fator protetor da experiência de stress e nervosismo identificou-se a satisfação com a relação conjugal.
Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de investir de forma proactiva nos grupos mais vulneráveis ao stress, pelo potencial risco de perturbações de saúde mental, nomeadamente a ansiedade e depressão.
ABSTRACT - The fight against COVID-19 involved measures such as social distancing, confinement at home, temporary suspension of non-essential economic activities and teleworking, which affected the daily life of the populations with a potential impact on mental health. Evidence about the impact of the pandemic on stress is scarce, particularly in the Portuguese context. This study aimed to understand the experience of stress and nervousness and the associated factors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the Portuguese population from April to October 2020. The study has an exploratory, descriptive and analytical design of a quantitative and transversal type, it follows on from the project Relationships, Stress and Aggression in times of COVID-19 in Portugal Escola Nacional de Saúde Publica – Universidade Nova de Lisboa. The survey originally developed by the University of Ghent, was translated and adapted to the Portuguese context. It was applied online between April and October of 2020 and disseminated in partner networks, media and institutions that work in the field of violence. Of a total of 1062 respondents, 42,1% (n=353) reported experiencing stress and nervousness during the pandemic. Associated factors identified were: being a woman, being younger, feeling the same or greater difficulty in making ends meet compared to the period before the pandemic, victimization of domestic violence, and unsatisfactory social relationships (in person or at a distance). As a protective factor from the experience of stress and nervousness, satisfaction with the marital relationship was identified. The results reinforce the need to invest proactively in the groups most vulnerable to stress, due to their role in mental health disorders, namely anxiety and depression.
ABSTRACT - The fight against COVID-19 involved measures such as social distancing, confinement at home, temporary suspension of non-essential economic activities and teleworking, which affected the daily life of the populations with a potential impact on mental health. Evidence about the impact of the pandemic on stress is scarce, particularly in the Portuguese context. This study aimed to understand the experience of stress and nervousness and the associated factors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the Portuguese population from April to October 2020. The study has an exploratory, descriptive and analytical design of a quantitative and transversal type, it follows on from the project Relationships, Stress and Aggression in times of COVID-19 in Portugal Escola Nacional de Saúde Publica – Universidade Nova de Lisboa. The survey originally developed by the University of Ghent, was translated and adapted to the Portuguese context. It was applied online between April and October of 2020 and disseminated in partner networks, media and institutions that work in the field of violence. Of a total of 1062 respondents, 42,1% (n=353) reported experiencing stress and nervousness during the pandemic. Associated factors identified were: being a woman, being younger, feeling the same or greater difficulty in making ends meet compared to the period before the pandemic, victimization of domestic violence, and unsatisfactory social relationships (in person or at a distance). As a protective factor from the experience of stress and nervousness, satisfaction with the marital relationship was identified. The results reinforce the need to invest proactively in the groups most vulnerable to stress, due to their role in mental health disorders, namely anxiety and depression.
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COVID-19 Saúde mental Stress Mental health