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Rastreamento do cancro de mama: o acesso ao exame de mamografia na rede pública das unidades federativas do Brasil
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RESUMO - INTRODUÇÃO: de acordo com dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde, o cancro constitui a segunda causa de morte no mundo, e em 2030, segundo estimativas, deverá ocupar o primeiro lugar. Dentre os tipos de cancro, o de mama é o mais incidente em mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o acesso ao exame de mamografia para deteção precoce do cancro de mama na perspetiva da redução da incidência de diagnósticos tardios e da mortalidade. METODOLOGIA: trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo ecológico, retrospetivo, com base em dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Foram consideradas mulheres entre 50 e 69 anos, dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), residentes nas Unidades Federativas do Brasil, no período de 2014 a 2019. A análise de dados foi feita por meio de estatística descritiva. RESULTADO/DISCUSSÃO: o número de mamógrafos se mostrou suficiente em todo o território nacional, porém, com uma distribuição desigual. O índice de cobertura, mesmo onde há quantidades de mamógrafos superiores à necessidade, mostrou-se baixo. Evidenciou-se uma tendência de crescimento das taxas de mortalidade por cancro de mama, sobretudo nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados encontrados neste estudo, estão em desacordo com os parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, e apresentam desigualdades regionais em termos de oferta de mamógrafos e de cobertura de mamografia, com altos índices de diagnósticos tardios e aumento das taxas de mortalidade em todo território brasileiro.
ABSTRACT - INTRODUCTION: according to the data from the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and in 2030, according to estimates, it should hold the first place. Among the types of cancer, breast cancer is the most common in women in Brazil and worldwide. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the access to mammographers for early detection of breast cancer from the perspective of reducing the incidence of late diagnosis and mortality. METHODOLOGY: This is an ecological, retrospective, and descriptive study based on data from the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Public Health System (DATASUS). Women, between 50 and 69 years old, dependent on the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) and residing in the Federal Units of Brazil from 2014 to 2019, were considered. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULT/DISCUSSION: the number of mammography devices was sufficient across the Brazilian territory but with an uneven distribution. The coverage rate was low even when the numbers of mammography devices were higher than needed. A growing trend in breast cancer mortality rates was evidenced, especially in the South and Southeast regions of the country. CONCLUSION: the results, found in this study, disagree with the parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, and present regional inequalities regarding the offer of mammography devices and mammography coverage, with high rates of late diagnosis and increased mortality throughout Brazilian territory.
ABSTRACT - INTRODUCTION: according to the data from the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and in 2030, according to estimates, it should hold the first place. Among the types of cancer, breast cancer is the most common in women in Brazil and worldwide. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the access to mammographers for early detection of breast cancer from the perspective of reducing the incidence of late diagnosis and mortality. METHODOLOGY: This is an ecological, retrospective, and descriptive study based on data from the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Public Health System (DATASUS). Women, between 50 and 69 years old, dependent on the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) and residing in the Federal Units of Brazil from 2014 to 2019, were considered. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULT/DISCUSSION: the number of mammography devices was sufficient across the Brazilian territory but with an uneven distribution. The coverage rate was low even when the numbers of mammography devices were higher than needed. A growing trend in breast cancer mortality rates was evidenced, especially in the South and Southeast regions of the country. CONCLUSION: the results, found in this study, disagree with the parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, and present regional inequalities regarding the offer of mammography devices and mammography coverage, with high rates of late diagnosis and increased mortality throughout Brazilian territory.
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Cancro da mama Deteção precoce Diagnóstico tardio Mamografia Breast cancer Early detection Late diagnosis Mammography