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Resumo(s)
A evolução dos sistemas de fabrico do vidro e a progressiva independência entre a
estrutura portante do edifício e a sua envolvente, levaram ao progressivo aumento da
transparência das fachadas e à crescente independência da fachada como elemento estrutural
em si. Quando o vidro é aplicado em elementos de fachadas, fica não só exposto aos
fenómenos comuns de degradação, como também suscetível a impactos inesperados de
diversas origens, tais como fenómenos naturais, acidentes, origens criminosas ou mesmo
terroristas. O polímero intercalar dos vidros laminados confere alguma capacidade de
extensão plástica ao painel de vidro, porém a sua dissipação de energia recorrendo à
deformação plástica é limitada. Deste modo, torna-se crucial o desenvolvimento de sistemas
protetivos para mitigar a rotura dos elementos envidraçados, aumentar a durabilidade dos
elementos das fachadas e a segurança associada à utilização de elementos de vidro.
Na presente dissertação foi desenvolvida uma estrutura de dissipação para ser incluída
na estrutura de fixação das fachadas de vidro com fixação pontual por aperto. A estrutura de
dissipação tem por base a geometria da treliça de Von Mises, uma estrutura biestável, que
tem um comportamento tipo snap-through. Numa primeira fase, procedeu-se à análise
numérica do comportamento do painel de vidro aquando do impacto de um projétil.
Posteriormente, foram simuladas duas geometrias para o painel de vidro, uma idealizada
para simular uma janela de pequenas dimensões e outra que se assemelha a um elemento de
fachadas-cortina. Para cada uma delas, foram desenvolvidos dois modelos, um modelo sem
a solução de proteção, que funciona como ensaio zero, e outro modelo com a solução de
proteção.
Através da análise comparativa, foi possível observar a redução da força transmitida pelo
vidro à estrutura de suporte e a mitigação da rotura do vidro, em torno dos elementos de
fixação.
The evolution of glass' manufacturing systems and the progressive independence between the building's supporting structure and its surroundings led to the progressive increase in the transparency of the facades and the increase independence of the facade as a structural element itself. When glass panels are applied on facades, they are not only exposed to the common phenomena of degradation, but also susceptible to unexpected impacts from different sources, such as natural phenomena, accidents, criminal or even terrorist origins. Due to the fragile behaviour of glass, it is crucial to develop protective systems to mitigate the breakage of glazing elements, increase the durability of the facade's elements and the safety associated with the use of glass elements. In the present dissertation, a dissipative structure was developed to be included in the fastening structure of glass facades with punctual fastening by clamping. The dissipative structure is based on the geometry of the von Mises truss, a bistable structure with a snap- through behavior. Initially, a numerical analysis of the behavior of the glass panel during the impact of a projectile was carried out. Subsequently, two geometries were simulated for the glass panel, one designed to simulate a laboratory test and the other that resembles a facade element. For each of them, two models were developed, a model without the protection solution, which works as a zero test, and another model with the protection solution. Through the comparative analysis, it was possible to observe the reduction of the forc transmitted by the glass to the support structure and the mitigation of glass breakage around the fastening elements.
The evolution of glass' manufacturing systems and the progressive independence between the building's supporting structure and its surroundings led to the progressive increase in the transparency of the facades and the increase independence of the facade as a structural element itself. When glass panels are applied on facades, they are not only exposed to the common phenomena of degradation, but also susceptible to unexpected impacts from different sources, such as natural phenomena, accidents, criminal or even terrorist origins. Due to the fragile behaviour of glass, it is crucial to develop protective systems to mitigate the breakage of glazing elements, increase the durability of the facade's elements and the safety associated with the use of glass elements. In the present dissertation, a dissipative structure was developed to be included in the fastening structure of glass facades with punctual fastening by clamping. The dissipative structure is based on the geometry of the von Mises truss, a bistable structure with a snap- through behavior. Initially, a numerical analysis of the behavior of the glass panel during the impact of a projectile was carried out. Subsequently, two geometries were simulated for the glass panel, one designed to simulate a laboratory test and the other that resembles a facade element. For each of them, two models were developed, a model without the protection solution, which works as a zero test, and another model with the protection solution. Through the comparative analysis, it was possible to observe the reduction of the forc transmitted by the glass to the support structure and the mitigation of glass breakage around the fastening elements.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fachadas de vidro Sistemas de proteção Impactos de projéteis snap- through Estrutura biestável
