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Saberes Médicos em Rede: o Instituto de Medicina Tropical entre instituições, atores, doenças e agentes patogénicos (1935-1966)
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Resumo(s)
A presente tese pretende dar a conhecer a construção de saberes médicos e o papel por eles de-
sempenhado a partir da investigação das redes de produção e circulação de conhecimento estabeleci-
das pelo Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), durante o período entre 1935 e 1966. Procurou-se
compreender de que modo esse conhecimento científico, construído a partir da interação de institui-
ções, atores, doenças e agentes patogénicos, se consolidou em Portugal em diversas fases do Estado
Novo.
Para isso, analisou-se a produção científica realizada pelos investigadores do IMT, a influência
das organizações internacionais no contexto da saúde e do estabelecimento de programas para o con-
trolo de algumas doenças, e as ações que se revelaram determinantes para a definição de políticas de
saúde pública, no contexto da medicina tropical. Com esse fim, identificaram-se os intervenientes nas
redes científicas e “cartografaram-se” as relações criadas, assim como se identificaram as doenças e
agentes patogénicos que foram alvo de investigação no IMT e se relacionou esse conhecimento com
os modelos de combate às doenças tropicais, em outros contextos, nomeadamente na Europa.
Como fontes primárias utilizaram-se maioritariamente as existentes nos arquivos do Instituto
de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT) e no Arquivo Histórico Diplomático do Ministério dos Negó-
cios Estrangeiros (AHD-MNE), que inclui a troca de correspondência entre o IMT e o governo, relató-
rios de viagens ao estrangeiro e recortes de notícias. Foram ainda consultados os arquivos digitais da
Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e da Fundação Rockefeller (FR). Em termos de obtenção de
informação complementar recorreu-se, sempre que necessário, à Biblioteca Nacional, à Biblioteca
Geral da Universidade de Coimbra e ao Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo.
O tratamento quantitativo da informação obtida a partir das publicações analisadas foi realiza-
do através de um tratamento estatístico simples e com recurso gráfico baseado na Social Network
Analysis (SNA) com vista à representação visual das redes identificadas.
The present thesis aims to present the construction of medical knowledge and the role it played during the period between 1935 and 1966, while researching the networks of production and circulation of knowledge established by the Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT). It was object of study how this scientific knowledge – built from the interaction of institutions, actors, diseases, and pathogens – was consolidated in Portugal in different stages of the Estado Novo. Hence, the scientific production carried out by the elements of the IMT, the influence of inter- national organizations involved in the establishment of health programs for the control of some dis- eases, and the actions that proved to be decisive for the definition of health policies in the context of tropical medicine, were analyzed. To accomplish this, the actors in the scientific networks were identi- fied and the relationships created were "mapped". As well, the diseases and pathogens studied at the Institute of Tropical Medicine were also identified, which allowed to establish a relation with the models of controlling tropical diseases, namely in Europe. The primary sources were mostly located in the archives of the Instituto de Higiene e Medici- na Tropical (IHMT) and in the Diplomatic Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (AHD-MNE), which includes the exchange of correspondence between the IMT and the government, reports of trips abroad and news clippings. The digital files of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Rockefeller Foundation were also consulted. In terms of obtaining additional information, whenever necessary, the National Library, the General Library of the University of Coimbra and the National Archives of Torre do Tombo were visited. The quantitative analysis of the publications was carried out through a simple statistical treat- ment, and with a graphic tool based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) to obtain the visual represen- tation of the identified networks.
The present thesis aims to present the construction of medical knowledge and the role it played during the period between 1935 and 1966, while researching the networks of production and circulation of knowledge established by the Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT). It was object of study how this scientific knowledge – built from the interaction of institutions, actors, diseases, and pathogens – was consolidated in Portugal in different stages of the Estado Novo. Hence, the scientific production carried out by the elements of the IMT, the influence of inter- national organizations involved in the establishment of health programs for the control of some dis- eases, and the actions that proved to be decisive for the definition of health policies in the context of tropical medicine, were analyzed. To accomplish this, the actors in the scientific networks were identi- fied and the relationships created were "mapped". As well, the diseases and pathogens studied at the Institute of Tropical Medicine were also identified, which allowed to establish a relation with the models of controlling tropical diseases, namely in Europe. The primary sources were mostly located in the archives of the Instituto de Higiene e Medici- na Tropical (IHMT) and in the Diplomatic Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (AHD-MNE), which includes the exchange of correspondence between the IMT and the government, reports of trips abroad and news clippings. The digital files of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Rockefeller Foundation were also consulted. In terms of obtaining additional information, whenever necessary, the National Library, the General Library of the University of Coimbra and the National Archives of Torre do Tombo were visited. The quantitative analysis of the publications was carried out through a simple statistical treat- ment, and with a graphic tool based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) to obtain the visual represen- tation of the identified networks.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História da Medicina Tropical Instituto de Medicina Tropical Circulação de Conhecimento Social Network Analysis Estado Novo