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Webdiásporas e redes sociais: práticas comunicativas de imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal
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A partir do crescimento da migração de brasileiros em Portugal, identificado desde 2017 em relatórios, e da compreensão de que os sites de redes sociais na internet se tornaram espaços centrais para expressão dos migrantes, nas chamadas webdiásporas, esta tese busca refletir sobre a relação transnacional estabelecida em dois grupos do Facebook sobre a temática da migração de brasileiros em Portugal. Observadas por seis meses, entre o segundo semestre de 2019 e início de 2020, a partir da metodologia da Etnografia Virtual (Hine, 2015), as publicações foram categorizadas pelos conteúdos e usos (em: pedidos, ofertas, compartilhamentos e expressão pessoal) e foram analisados os comentários e a atuação dos participantes no ambiente virtual com o objetivo de refletir sobre como se dão as negociações e construções de sentidos sobre a migração de brasileiros em Portugal. Para isso, foram analisados os relatos de experiências migratórias, a interpretação de notícias compartilhadas sobre a migração publicadas pela mídia e as discussões nos grupos sobre a migração para Portugal. A estrutura interpretativa parte de abordagens dos Estudos Culturais e da Escola de Chicago; conceitos sobre migração e mídia e usos dos sites de redes sociais, tais como webdiáspora e polimídia; exploramos ainda estudos sobre a migração de brasileiros em Portugal e sua representação na mídia, em pesquisas que revelaram o estereótipo do brasileiro construído na imprensa desde o início deste século até estudos mais recentes sobre as possibilidades de produção de subjetividades a partir dos usos da internet pela migração. Por fim, discutimos os resultados obtidos na observação do campo e na interpretação das dinâmicas de participações, interações e relações transnacionais diaspóricas estabelecidas nos grupos de Facebook, permitindo-nos concluir que os sentidos sobre a migração são também construídos de forma coletiva nos grupos de Facebook, a partir da articulação dos campos das emoções, em discussões polarizadas sobre a decisão de migrar. O ambiente virtual se revelou não só espaço para apoio e troca de experiências, mas também de desconfiança e de falta de empatia entre os membros, no contexto de estabelecimento de um modelo de negócio que envolve a migração e de ausência de regras objetivas nos grupos. A migração de brasileiros em Portugal é apresentada pelos membros como um empreendimento individualizado, em que os migrantes justificam sua presença com a finalidade do trabalho qualificado. Discursos de superação e otimismo e, em alguns momentos, culpabilização, reprodução de estereótipos e silenciamento das críticas nos levam a concluir que, mesmo na apropriação das webdiásporas, as percepções dos brasileiros sobre a migração em Portugal são construídas a partir de uma estrutura colonial de opressão em que os próprios migrantes se expressam de forma pouco crítica, a partir da posição de assujeitamento, enquanto continuam sendo negadas discussões fundamentais sobre o processo.
Based on the migration growth of Brazilians in Portugal, identified since 2017 in reports, and on the understanding that social networking sites on the internet have become central spaces for the expression of migrants, in the so-called webdiasporas, this thesis seeks to reflect on the transnational relationship established in two Facebook groups on the issue of Brazilian migration in Portugal. The group was observed for six months, between the second half of 2019 and early 2020, using the Virtual Ethnography methodology (Hine, 2015). The publications were categorized by content and uses (in: requests, offers, shares and personal expression) and the comments and the actions of the participants in the virtual environment were observed in order to reflect on how negotiations and construction of meanings take place on Brazilian migration in Portugal. For this, the reports of migratory experiences, the interpretation of shared news about migration published by the media and the discussions in the groups about migration to Portugal were analyzed. The interpretive framework is based on approaches from Cultural Studies and the Chicago School; migration and media concepts and uses of social networking sites, such as webdiaspora and polymedia; We also explored studies on the migration of Brazilians in Portugal and their representation in the media, in a research that revealed the stereotype of the Brazilian built in the press from the beginning of this century to more recent studies on the possibilities of producing subjectivities from the uses of the internet by the migration. Finally, we discuss the results obtained in the observation of the field and in the interpretation of the dynamics of participation, interactions and transnational diasporic relationships established in Facebook groups, allowing us to conclude that the meanings about migration are also collectively constructed in Facebook groups, from the articulation of the fields of emotions, in polarized discussions about the decision to migrate. The virtual environment proved not only to be a space for support and exchange of experiences, but also for distrust and lack of empathy among members, in the context of establishing a business model that involves migration and the absence of objective rules in the groups. The migration of Brazilians in Portugal is presented by the members as an individualized enterprise, in which migrants justify their presence for the purpose of qualified work. Discourses of overcoming and optimism and, at times, blame, reproduction of stereotypes and silencing of criticism lead us to conclude that, even in the appropriation of webdiasporas, Brazilians' perceptions of migration in Portugal are built from a colonial structure of oppression in which migrants themselves express themselves in a non-critical way, from the position of subjection, while fundamental discussions about the process continue to be denied.
Based on the migration growth of Brazilians in Portugal, identified since 2017 in reports, and on the understanding that social networking sites on the internet have become central spaces for the expression of migrants, in the so-called webdiasporas, this thesis seeks to reflect on the transnational relationship established in two Facebook groups on the issue of Brazilian migration in Portugal. The group was observed for six months, between the second half of 2019 and early 2020, using the Virtual Ethnography methodology (Hine, 2015). The publications were categorized by content and uses (in: requests, offers, shares and personal expression) and the comments and the actions of the participants in the virtual environment were observed in order to reflect on how negotiations and construction of meanings take place on Brazilian migration in Portugal. For this, the reports of migratory experiences, the interpretation of shared news about migration published by the media and the discussions in the groups about migration to Portugal were analyzed. The interpretive framework is based on approaches from Cultural Studies and the Chicago School; migration and media concepts and uses of social networking sites, such as webdiaspora and polymedia; We also explored studies on the migration of Brazilians in Portugal and their representation in the media, in a research that revealed the stereotype of the Brazilian built in the press from the beginning of this century to more recent studies on the possibilities of producing subjectivities from the uses of the internet by the migration. Finally, we discuss the results obtained in the observation of the field and in the interpretation of the dynamics of participation, interactions and transnational diasporic relationships established in Facebook groups, allowing us to conclude that the meanings about migration are also collectively constructed in Facebook groups, from the articulation of the fields of emotions, in polarized discussions about the decision to migrate. The virtual environment proved not only to be a space for support and exchange of experiences, but also for distrust and lack of empathy among members, in the context of establishing a business model that involves migration and the absence of objective rules in the groups. The migration of Brazilians in Portugal is presented by the members as an individualized enterprise, in which migrants justify their presence for the purpose of qualified work. Discourses of overcoming and optimism and, at times, blame, reproduction of stereotypes and silencing of criticism lead us to conclude that, even in the appropriation of webdiasporas, Brazilians' perceptions of migration in Portugal are built from a colonial structure of oppression in which migrants themselves express themselves in a non-critical way, from the position of subjection, while fundamental discussions about the process continue to be denied.
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Redes Sociais Migrantes brasileiros Webdiáspora Facebook Migração Brasileiros em Portugal Migration Brazilians in Portugal