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Proposta de aplicação de apoio à gestão de stocks numa empresa da indústria naval
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Resumo(s)
A maior parte das empresas recorre atualmente, a sistemas de informação para, entre outras atividades, gerir o stock. No entanto, alguns sistemas não são adaptados ao funcionamento das próprias empresas, nem às flutuações da procura dos artigos.
O sistema informático da empresa estudo de caso permite uma gestão de stocks inadequada por não se adaptar à empresa, dado que provoca excesso e rotura de stock. Consequentemente causa atrasos nos projetos, o término das tarefas de manutenção, assim como a perda de clientes por não existir em stock os artigos necessários no preciso momento. O objetivo deste estudo passa por desenvolver uma aplicação de apoio à gestão de stocks para adquirir apenas os artigos necessários ao estaleiro.
Para atingir o presente objetivo, começou por se identificar o problema, definir objetivos através da observação direta nos armazéns. Realizaram-se reuniões com os decisores para aplicação do método AHP, de forma a ordenar, por importância, os campos a comparecerem na aplicação. O método AHP selecionado tem como passo opcional a análise de Pareto para separar os campos mais importantes. Por fim, desenvolveu-se a aplicação através de programação em VBA, tendo sido realizados testes à mesma, com base em dados antigos e elaborado o manual do utilizador.
Para a implementação desta aplicação, propôs-se uma implementação passo-a-passo, isto é, primeiro dá-se formação ao responsável pelo primeiro armazém principal, implementa-se a aplicação e verifica-se se as melhorias são significativas. Caso sejam, dá-se formação ao responsável pelo segundo armazém principal e coloca-se a aplicação em funcionamento nesse armazém e só depois se dá formação aos colaboradores dos armazéns secundários e se implementa a aplicação.
O presente trabalho permite dar apoio no controlo do stock dos artigos e permitirá que a empresa encomende apenas os artigos necessários no momento e na quantidade correta. Dada a duração do estágio, não foi possível implementar a aplicação. Com este trabalho considera-se que haja uma diminuição dos atrasos nos projetos e o recomeço das tarefas de manutenção através da aquisição dos artigos necessários para a realização das atividades do estaleiro.
Nowadays most companies use information systems to manage the stock, among other activities; however, some of the systems are neither fully adapted to the functioning nor to fluctuations in demand for articles. The computer system of the company case study allows an inadequate stock manage-ment as it does not adapt to the company, since it causes excess and stock rupture. Conse-quently, it not only causes delays in projects, but also in the completion of maintenance tasks, in addition to the loss of customers for not having the necessary items in stock at the right time. The main aim of this work is to focus and further investigate the development of an application that is capable of help and improving the stock management, by solely acquiring the necessary objects. To thoroughly achieve this goal, it started by identifying the problem, defining it through direct observation in the warehouses. Meetings were held with decision makers to apply the AHP method, so that it was possible to order, by importance, the fields to appear in the application. The selected AHP method has, as an optional step, the Pareto analysis to seg-regate the most important fields. Finally, the application was developed through VBA, pro-gramming language, and tests were carried out, based upon old data, and the user manual was prepared. For the implementation of this application, a step-by-step implementation was pro-posed, i.e., firstly, the training is given to the person who oversees the first main warehouse, then the application is implemented, and, lastly, it is verified whether the improvements are significant or not. If significant changes are shown, the same training is given to the person who is responsible for the second main warehouse and, subsequently, the application is put into practice in that warehouse and, only then, the training is given to employees of the sec-ondary warehouses and the application is fully implemented. The present dissertation not only enables the support within the inventory control, but also allows the company to better manage it, in other words, to only order the right quantity of items that are truly needed at that precise moment, optimising the stock levels of their warehouse. Given the duration of the internship, it was not possible to carry out the applica-tion. With this dissertation, it is considered that there will be a reduction in projects delays and the resumption of maintenance tasks through the acquisition of the necessary items to excellently perform the activities of the shipyard.
Nowadays most companies use information systems to manage the stock, among other activities; however, some of the systems are neither fully adapted to the functioning nor to fluctuations in demand for articles. The computer system of the company case study allows an inadequate stock manage-ment as it does not adapt to the company, since it causes excess and stock rupture. Conse-quently, it not only causes delays in projects, but also in the completion of maintenance tasks, in addition to the loss of customers for not having the necessary items in stock at the right time. The main aim of this work is to focus and further investigate the development of an application that is capable of help and improving the stock management, by solely acquiring the necessary objects. To thoroughly achieve this goal, it started by identifying the problem, defining it through direct observation in the warehouses. Meetings were held with decision makers to apply the AHP method, so that it was possible to order, by importance, the fields to appear in the application. The selected AHP method has, as an optional step, the Pareto analysis to seg-regate the most important fields. Finally, the application was developed through VBA, pro-gramming language, and tests were carried out, based upon old data, and the user manual was prepared. For the implementation of this application, a step-by-step implementation was pro-posed, i.e., firstly, the training is given to the person who oversees the first main warehouse, then the application is implemented, and, lastly, it is verified whether the improvements are significant or not. If significant changes are shown, the same training is given to the person who is responsible for the second main warehouse and, subsequently, the application is put into practice in that warehouse and, only then, the training is given to employees of the sec-ondary warehouses and the application is fully implemented. The present dissertation not only enables the support within the inventory control, but also allows the company to better manage it, in other words, to only order the right quantity of items that are truly needed at that precise moment, optimising the stock levels of their warehouse. Given the duration of the internship, it was not possible to carry out the applica-tion. With this dissertation, it is considered that there will be a reduction in projects delays and the resumption of maintenance tasks through the acquisition of the necessary items to excellently perform the activities of the shipyard.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão de stocks Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP) Aplicação