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Microplásticos em Produtos de Cuidado Pessoal
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Os microplásticos são polímeros sintéticos adicionados frequentemente a produtos de cuidado pessoal. Com o aumento da utilização por parte das populações deste tipo de produ-tos, torna-se cada vez mais necessário optar-se por produtos naturais sem microplásticos. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre a presença de microplásticos em produtos de cuidado pessoal, focando-se principalmente nas iniciativas, técnicas, sucessos e limitações de ações realizadas contra a a introdução dos mesmos; e faz uma análise laboratorial sobre a presença de microplásticos em produtos de cuidado pessoal.
Para caracterização dos microplásticos, foram analisados 8 produtos de cuidado pes-soal, de forma a averiguar se estes continham microplásticos na sua composição, efetuando-se a contagem, identificação de cores, formas e dimensões (através da realização de filtrações a vácuo e observação à lupa estereoscópica), e caracterização química (partículas suspeitas de serem plástico foram isoladas para confirmação por Espetroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier- FTIR). Foram confirmados microplásticos em todos os produtos de cuidado pessoal analisados, sendo que se contabilizaram cerca de 4570 partículas, de entre os quais 952 são microesferas e os restantes 3618 são outro tipo de partículas (em 1 g extraído de cada produto). As partículas identificadas nos 8 produtos possuem dimensões entre os 36,01 μm e o 1243,20 μm. Quanto às formas, foram identificados esferas, fragmentos e partículas de forma hexagonal. Relativamente às cores, verificou-se que as microesferas apresentavam a cor castanha, verde, rosa, vermelha e transparente enquanto, as partículas hexagonais a cor rosa e iridescente, e os fragmentos, a cor transparente. Das 4570 partículas contabilizadas em 1 g extraído de cada produto, confirma-se que desse total, 4558 partículas são microplásticos e 12 partículas não o são, são celulose.
Realizaram-se progressos relativamente à proibição da utilização de microesferas de plástico em produtos de cuidado pessoal, sendo que existem outros tipos de microplásticos para os quais ainda não existe legislação. A tendência será de uma movimentação gradual positiva de eliminação de ingredientes plásticos que ainda se encontram nas fórmulas dos produtos atuais, contudo, durante esta fase de transição ainda existirá libertação de plástico para o ambiente com consequências e efeitos adversos na biota, que precisam de ser avaliados.
Microplastics are synthetic polymers often added to personal care products. With the increasing use of these products by consumers, there is a growing need for natural products that are free of microplastics. This study presents a literature review on the presence of mi-croplastics in personal care products, focusing mainly on the initiatives, techniques, successes, and limitations of actions taken against their introduction; and makes a laboratory analysis on the presence of microplastics in personal care products. For characterization of microplastics, were analyzed about 8 personal care products, in order to find out if they contained microplastics in their composition, counting, identification of colors, shapes and dimensions (by performing vacuum filtration and observation under a stereoscopic lens), and chemical characterization (particles suspected of being plastic were isolated for confirmation by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR). Microplastics were confirmed in all the personal care products analyzed, accounting for about 4570 parti-cles, of which 952 are microspheres and the remaining 3618 are other types of particles (in 1 g extracted from each product). The particles identified in the 8 products have diameters be-tween 36.01 μm and 1243.20 μm. As for the shapes, spheres, fragments and hexagonal-shaped particles were identified. Regarding colors, the microspheres were found to have brown, green, pink, red and transparent colors while the hexagonal particles were pink and irides-cent, and the fragments were transparent. Of the 4570 particles counted in 1 g extracted from each product, it is confirmed that of this total, 4558 particles are microplastics and 12 particles are not. Progress has been made on banning the use of plastic microspheres in personal care products, but there are other types of microplastics for which there is still no legislation. The trend will be for a gradual positive movement away from plastic ingredients that are still in current product formulations, however, during this transition phase there will still be release of plastic into the environment with consequences and adverse effects on biota that need to be evaluated.
Microplastics are synthetic polymers often added to personal care products. With the increasing use of these products by consumers, there is a growing need for natural products that are free of microplastics. This study presents a literature review on the presence of mi-croplastics in personal care products, focusing mainly on the initiatives, techniques, successes, and limitations of actions taken against their introduction; and makes a laboratory analysis on the presence of microplastics in personal care products. For characterization of microplastics, were analyzed about 8 personal care products, in order to find out if they contained microplastics in their composition, counting, identification of colors, shapes and dimensions (by performing vacuum filtration and observation under a stereoscopic lens), and chemical characterization (particles suspected of being plastic were isolated for confirmation by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR). Microplastics were confirmed in all the personal care products analyzed, accounting for about 4570 parti-cles, of which 952 are microspheres and the remaining 3618 are other types of particles (in 1 g extracted from each product). The particles identified in the 8 products have diameters be-tween 36.01 μm and 1243.20 μm. As for the shapes, spheres, fragments and hexagonal-shaped particles were identified. Regarding colors, the microspheres were found to have brown, green, pink, red and transparent colors while the hexagonal particles were pink and irides-cent, and the fragments were transparent. Of the 4570 particles counted in 1 g extracted from each product, it is confirmed that of this total, 4558 particles are microplastics and 12 particles are not. Progress has been made on banning the use of plastic microspheres in personal care products, but there are other types of microplastics for which there is still no legislation. The trend will be for a gradual positive movement away from plastic ingredients that are still in current product formulations, however, during this transition phase there will still be release of plastic into the environment with consequences and adverse effects on biota that need to be evaluated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
políticas produtos de cuidado pessoal microplásticos FTIR