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Lactato sanguíneo e exercício - otimização de um modelo
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Resumo(s)
A prática desportiva de alto rendimento exige cada vez mais técnicas de prescrição de treino com uma maior eficácia, em que a aplicação de determinadas ferramentas tecnológicas são ferramentas complementares de grande relevância para a obtenção de resultados.
O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar, e introduzir melhorias a um modelo baseado em sistemas dinâmicos, permitindo a simulação de diversos parâmetros da resposta fisiológica ao exercício físico, com base nos parâmetros da taxa de utilização de energia química, expressa em Mm de Adenosina Trifosfato (ATP) por unidade de tempo.
Os trabalhos de investigação foram divididos numa secção de investigação teórica e outra secção de investigação laboratorial.
Na investigação laboratorial, foram recolhidos dados de atletas voluntários durante a realização de protocolos de exercício com testes de intensidade variada e tempos de repouso pré-estipulados (“provas de esforço”), em laboratório com recurso a ergómetro de tapete rolante. Estes dados depois de tratados e analisados serviram por um lado, para nutrir o modelo das variáveis de entrada necessárias para efetuar as simulações, e por outro, para existirem dados ditos reais para comparação e validação das simulações.
Na investigação teórica, procedeu-se à análise da subsecção do modelo com recurso à plataforma VensimPLP®. Nesta fase foram analisadas as variáveis biológicas presentes no modelo no qual esta dissertação introduziu melhorias, bem como, as relações matemáticas que descrevem a fisiologia a elas associada. Em simultâneo o modelo precedente foi estudado e analisado no sentido de identificar as possíveis lacunas existentes entre o modelo e os sistemas de equações no qual ele se baseia. Após esta análise foram sendo introduzidas melhorias sequencialmente, e após cada introdução de fatores de melhoria, foi feita uma análise visual e estatística para avaliação do erro associado e consequente validação de cada nova versão do modelo.
O modelo desenvolvido demonstrou produzir simulações com assertividade satisfatória, simulando fielmente tanto o comportamento da variável de estado em estudo (Concentração de lactato sanguíneo), como a gama de valores esperados para a mesma. O modelo desenvolvido afigura-se então, como uma proposta de melhoria e poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta em unidades de performance desportivas.
High performance sports practice demands more and more effective training prescription techniques, in which the application of certain technological tools are complementary tools of great relevance for obtaining results. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse and introduce improvements to a model based on dynamic systems, allowing the simulation of various parameters of the physiological response to physical exercise, based on the parameters of the rate of use of chemical energy, expressed in Mm of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) per unit time. The research work was divided into a theoretical research section and a laboratory research section. In the laboratory research, data were collected from voluntary athletes during exercise protocols with tests of varying intensity and pre-established rest times ("stress tests"), in the laboratory using a treadmill ergometer. These data, after being treated and analysed, served on the one hand, to feed the model with the input variables needed to perform the simulations, and on the other, to provide real data for comparison and validation of the simulations. In the theoretical investigation, the subsection of the model was analysed using the VensimPLP® platform. In this phase the biological variables present in the model in which this dissertation introduced improvements were analysed, as well as the mathematical relations that describe the physiology associated with them. Simultaneously, the previous model was studied and analysed in order to identify possible gaps between the model and the systems of equations on which it is based. After this analysis, improvements were introduced sequentially, and after each introduction of improvement factors, a visual and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the associated error and consequent validation of each new version of the model. The developed model proved to produce simulations with satisfactory assertiveness, faithfully simulating both the behaviour of the state variable under study (blood lactate concentration), as well as the range of expected values for it. The developed model appears then, as a proposal for improvement and may be used as a tool in sports performance units.
High performance sports practice demands more and more effective training prescription techniques, in which the application of certain technological tools are complementary tools of great relevance for obtaining results. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse and introduce improvements to a model based on dynamic systems, allowing the simulation of various parameters of the physiological response to physical exercise, based on the parameters of the rate of use of chemical energy, expressed in Mm of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) per unit time. The research work was divided into a theoretical research section and a laboratory research section. In the laboratory research, data were collected from voluntary athletes during exercise protocols with tests of varying intensity and pre-established rest times ("stress tests"), in the laboratory using a treadmill ergometer. These data, after being treated and analysed, served on the one hand, to feed the model with the input variables needed to perform the simulations, and on the other, to provide real data for comparison and validation of the simulations. In the theoretical investigation, the subsection of the model was analysed using the VensimPLP® platform. In this phase the biological variables present in the model in which this dissertation introduced improvements were analysed, as well as the mathematical relations that describe the physiology associated with them. Simultaneously, the previous model was studied and analysed in order to identify possible gaps between the model and the systems of equations on which it is based. After this analysis, improvements were introduced sequentially, and after each introduction of improvement factors, a visual and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the associated error and consequent validation of each new version of the model. The developed model proved to produce simulations with satisfactory assertiveness, faithfully simulating both the behaviour of the state variable under study (blood lactate concentration), as well as the range of expected values for it. The developed model appears then, as a proposal for improvement and may be used as a tool in sports performance units.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemas Dinâmicos Saúde Desporto Performance sistemas energéticos