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Sensores de deformação flexíveis à base de polí- meros condutores para a indústria têxtil: Uma revisão
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Os sucessivos avanços no desenvolvimento de sensores de deformação flexíveis, seja no seu design e implementação em têxteis, bem como nos materiais utilizados, têm sido fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da indústria têxtil e, em simultâneo, das áreas de estudo que agregam o desenvolvimento dos têxteis inteligentes. A evolução em polímeros condutores criou a oportunidade de conferir propriedades condutoras, tipicamente características dos metais, acrescentando a estas a flexibilidade característica de certos materiais poliméricos, tão necessárias em aplicações têxteis inteligentes.
Depreende-se que o interesse para o estudo desta temática, encontra-se essencialmente nas potenciais aplicações que daí possam advir, nomeadamente, nas áreas de desporto, da medicina ou militar.
Nesta dissertação foi feito então um estudo generalizado sobre a temática de sensores de deformação flexíveis, com base em polímeros intrinsecamente condutores (PICs), em particular:
a polianilina, o polipirrol e o PEDOT. Num primeiro capítulo, foi feita uma introdução aos têxteis
condutores, abordando os PICs anteriormente mencionados, bem como algumas técnicas de revestimento mais utilizadas. Em segundo lugar, foram estudados os princípios teóricos dos sensores de deformação, considerando os vários tipos de sensores (resistivos, capacitivos e piezoelétricos), e os seus parâmetros de desempenho. Seguidamente, foram estudados exemplos de sensores desenvolvidos recentemente, considerando também as suas potenciais aplicações.
Successive advances in the development of flexible strain sensors, whether in their design and implementation in textiles, as well as in the materials that are used, have been fundamental for the development of the textile industry and, at the same time, of the study areas that aggregate the development of smart textiles. The evolution in conductive polymers has created the opportunity to bestow conductive properties, typically characteristic of metals, adding to these the characteristic flexibility of certain polymeric materials, as necessary in intelligent textile applications. It can be understood that the interest for the study of this theme is essentially found in the potential applications that may arise from it, namely in the areas of sports, medicine, or the military. In this dissertation, a generalized study was carried out on the subject of flexible strain sensors, based on intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs), in particular: polyaniline, polypyrrole and PEDOT. In a first chapter, an introduction to conductive textiles was made, approaching the aforementioned ICPs, as well as some of the most used coating techniques. Secondly, the theoretical principles of strain sensors were studied, considering the various types of sensors (resistive, capacitive and piezoelectric), and their performance parameters. Then, examples of recently developed sensors were studied, also considering their potential applications.
Successive advances in the development of flexible strain sensors, whether in their design and implementation in textiles, as well as in the materials that are used, have been fundamental for the development of the textile industry and, at the same time, of the study areas that aggregate the development of smart textiles. The evolution in conductive polymers has created the opportunity to bestow conductive properties, typically characteristic of metals, adding to these the characteristic flexibility of certain polymeric materials, as necessary in intelligent textile applications. It can be understood that the interest for the study of this theme is essentially found in the potential applications that may arise from it, namely in the areas of sports, medicine, or the military. In this dissertation, a generalized study was carried out on the subject of flexible strain sensors, based on intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs), in particular: polyaniline, polypyrrole and PEDOT. In a first chapter, an introduction to conductive textiles was made, approaching the aforementioned ICPs, as well as some of the most used coating techniques. Secondly, the theoretical principles of strain sensors were studied, considering the various types of sensors (resistive, capacitive and piezoelectric), and their performance parameters. Then, examples of recently developed sensors were studied, also considering their potential applications.
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Polianilina Polipirrol PEDOT têxteis inteligentes sensores