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Estudo de conhecimentos, atitudes e literacia em vacinação contra febre amarela e contra a hepatite A de migrantes brasileiros em Portugal
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Introdução: A vacinação é um dos principais adventos em saúde pública na profilaxia de doenças infecciosas, sendo responsável pelo aumento da esperança de vida. Mas, existe um crescente movimento antivacinas que disseminam que elas são inseguras e desnecessárias. As viagens internacionais crescem intensamente e expõem em risco viajantes não imunes à infecção, além de disseminar mundialmente doenças como a febre amarela e hepatite A. Neste contexto, a “Medicina do Viajante” realiza a preparação para a viagem através da consulta do viajante.
Objetivos: Descrever conhecimentos gerais sobre vacinas e vacinação dos migrantes brasileiros em Portugal; Caracterizar suas atitudes em relação à vacinação; Noções de risco de febre amarela e hepatite A no Brasil; Caracterizar sociodemograficamente os participantes e relacionar com conhecimento, atitudes e aspectos de literacia face à vacinação.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, observacional, descritivo, transversal, com recurso à aplicação de questionário de autopreenchimento (presencial ou remoto), de junho de 2019 a março de 2020.
Resultados: Participaram no estudo 542 pessoas; idade média 36,8 anos; 40,1% do género masculino e 59,9% feminino; 54,3% casados; 44,9% com o 12º ano de escolaridade; 27,0% residem há mais de 10 anos em Portugal; 66,9% tinham emprego, a maior parte eram de técnicos e profissionais de nível médio; 19,8% residiam anteriormente em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre vacinação, 28,8%, responderam corretamente a seis das oitos questões e 6,9% a todas as questões. A maior parte dos participantes tiveram atitude indefinida em relação à vacinação. Relativamente aos conhecimentos sobre vacinas para viajantes a maioria demonstrou conhecer o tema; 39,5% responderam corretamente três das quatro questões e, 76,7%, atribuíram ao risco de doença no destino o principal motivo para aceitação de vacinas. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre a hepatite A e vacina contra hepatite A, 82,1% sabiam que a vacina existe; 72,5% disseram que há risco de hepatite A no Brasil, destes 39,9% sabiam que o risco de contágio no Brasil é maior que em Portugal. Em relação aos conhecimentos técnicos da vacina contra hepatite A, 41,5% disseram desconhecer todas as questões propostas. Quanto os conhecimentos sobre a febre amarela e vacina contra a febre amarela, 96,8%, responderam que já ouviram falar sobre a vacina; 89,3% disseram que há risco de contágio no Brasil e em relação os critérios técnicos da vacina, 40,0%, responderam corretamente apenas uma das quatro questões, apenas 7,4%, responderam corretamente todas as questões.
Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos migrantes brasileiros do estudo têm conhecimento do que são as vacinas, da sua importância na prevenção de doenças, além de mostrarem alto conhecimento sobre vacinação em geral e vacinação para viajantes. A maioria dos inquiridos tiveram uma atitude indefinida face a vacinação; conheciam a existência das vacinas contra a hepatite A e febre amarela; sabiam que há risco de infecção no Brasil. Os conhecimentos quanto as questões técnicas das vacinas contra a febre amarela e hepatite A foram baixos. Os achados mostram a necessidade de melhorar a conscientização da população sobre as características das vacinas contra a hepatite A e febre amarela.
Introduction: Vaccination is one of the main advancements in public health in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases, being responsible for increasing life expectancy. But there is a growing antivaccine movement that spreads that they are unsafe and unnecessary. International travel is growing intensely, exposing at risk travelers who are not immune to infection, and spreading diseases such as yellow fever and hepatitis A worldwide. In this context, the "Travel Medicine" performs the preparation for the trip through the traveler's consultation. Objectives: To describe general knowledge about vaccines and vaccination among Brazilian migrants in Portugal; to characterize their attitudes towards vaccination; to describe the risk of yellow fever and hepatitis A in Brazil; to characterize participants sociodemographically and relate them to knowledge, attitudes, and literacy aspects towards vaccination. Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completion questionnaire (face-to-face or remote) from June 2019 to March 2020. Results: 542 people participated in the study; mean age 36.81 years; 40.1% male and 59.9% female; 54.3% married; 44.9% with the 12th year of schooling; 27.0% resided for more than 10 years in Portugal; 66.9% had a job, most were technicians and mid-level professionals; 19.8% had previously resided in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Regarding knowledge about vaccination, 28.8% correctly answered six of the eight questions, and 6.9% answered all questions correctly. Most of the participants had an undefined attitude towards vaccination. Regarding knowledge about vaccines for travelers, the majority demonstrated to know the subject; 39.5% correctly answered three out of four questions, and 76.7% attributed the risk of disease at the destination as the main reason for accepting vaccines. Regarding knowledge about hepatitis A and hepatitis A vaccine, 82.1% knew that the vaccine exists; 72.5% said that there is risk of hepatitis A in Brazil, of these 39.9% knew that the risk of infection in Brazil is higher than in Portugal. Regarding technical knowledge about the hepatitis A vaccine, 41.5% said they did not know all the proposed questions. Regarding knowledge about yellow fever and yellow fever vaccine, 96.8% answered that they had heard about the vaccine, 89.3% said there is a risk of infection in Brazil, and regarding the technical criteria of the vaccine, 40.0% correctly answered only one of the four questions, and only 7.4% correctly answered all questions. Conclusion: The results indicate that most of the Brazilian migrants in the study have knowledge of what vaccines are, their importance in preventing diseases, besides showing high knowledge about vaccination in general and vaccination for travelers. Most of the respondents had an undefined attitude towards vaccination; they knew about the existence of hepatitis A and yellow fever vaccines; they knew that there is a risk of infection in Brazil. Knowledge regarding the technical issues of yellow fever and hepatitis A vaccines was low. The findings show the need to improve the population's awareness of the characteristics of the hepatitis A and yellow fever vaccines.
Introduction: Vaccination is one of the main advancements in public health in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases, being responsible for increasing life expectancy. But there is a growing antivaccine movement that spreads that they are unsafe and unnecessary. International travel is growing intensely, exposing at risk travelers who are not immune to infection, and spreading diseases such as yellow fever and hepatitis A worldwide. In this context, the "Travel Medicine" performs the preparation for the trip through the traveler's consultation. Objectives: To describe general knowledge about vaccines and vaccination among Brazilian migrants in Portugal; to characterize their attitudes towards vaccination; to describe the risk of yellow fever and hepatitis A in Brazil; to characterize participants sociodemographically and relate them to knowledge, attitudes, and literacy aspects towards vaccination. Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completion questionnaire (face-to-face or remote) from June 2019 to March 2020. Results: 542 people participated in the study; mean age 36.81 years; 40.1% male and 59.9% female; 54.3% married; 44.9% with the 12th year of schooling; 27.0% resided for more than 10 years in Portugal; 66.9% had a job, most were technicians and mid-level professionals; 19.8% had previously resided in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Regarding knowledge about vaccination, 28.8% correctly answered six of the eight questions, and 6.9% answered all questions correctly. Most of the participants had an undefined attitude towards vaccination. Regarding knowledge about vaccines for travelers, the majority demonstrated to know the subject; 39.5% correctly answered three out of four questions, and 76.7% attributed the risk of disease at the destination as the main reason for accepting vaccines. Regarding knowledge about hepatitis A and hepatitis A vaccine, 82.1% knew that the vaccine exists; 72.5% said that there is risk of hepatitis A in Brazil, of these 39.9% knew that the risk of infection in Brazil is higher than in Portugal. Regarding technical knowledge about the hepatitis A vaccine, 41.5% said they did not know all the proposed questions. Regarding knowledge about yellow fever and yellow fever vaccine, 96.8% answered that they had heard about the vaccine, 89.3% said there is a risk of infection in Brazil, and regarding the technical criteria of the vaccine, 40.0% correctly answered only one of the four questions, and only 7.4% correctly answered all questions. Conclusion: The results indicate that most of the Brazilian migrants in the study have knowledge of what vaccines are, their importance in preventing diseases, besides showing high knowledge about vaccination in general and vaccination for travelers. Most of the respondents had an undefined attitude towards vaccination; they knew about the existence of hepatitis A and yellow fever vaccines; they knew that there is a risk of infection in Brazil. Knowledge regarding the technical issues of yellow fever and hepatitis A vaccines was low. The findings show the need to improve the population's awareness of the characteristics of the hepatitis A and yellow fever vaccines.
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Clinica tropical Saúde tropical Hepatite A Febre amarela