A carregar...
Publicação
Modelação Hidrológica da Bacia Hidrográfica da Ribeira de São Francisco – Ilha de Santa Maria
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.43 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O processo e análise de uma cheia constitui-se como um objeto de considerável importância e de múltiplos interesses, que vão desde a prevenção e mitigação de episódios de cheias até ao dimensionamento de infraestruturas hidráulicas.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo produzir hidrogramas de cheia relativos aos eventos pluviométricos ocorridos e simulados na bacia hidrográfica de São Francisco, localizada na zona poente da ilha de Santa Maria – Açores, com recurso à combinação do modelo hidrológico com sistemas de informação geográfica.
Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho fez-se uso de ferramentas que permitiram a realização de uma análise relativamente expedita e significativamente prática. Recorreu-se, concretamente, ao software da ESRI ArcGIS 10.6.1, com o auxílio das extensões ArcHydro, GeoHEC-HMS e GeoHEC-RAS, que culminou com a exportação para os softwares de modelação hidrológica HEC-RAS e HEC-HMS, onde se procedeu à calibração dos parâmetros e validação dos resultados.
Os dados de entrada definidos para o modelo HEC-HMS compreendem os hidrogramas de precipitação dos postos udométricos das Fontinhas, Praia Formosa e Aeroporto, numa série temporal de cinco anos, compreendidos entre 2015 e 2019, e o estabelecimento dos parâmetros referentes aos métodos de perda e de transformação como SCS Curve Number e SCS Unit Hydrograph, respetivamente.
Não obstante, o modelo poder ser melhorado com a introdução de mais parâmetros e melhor informação que permita reproduzir todas as condicionantes que caraterizam a bacia, nomeadamente no que se refere à distribuição espacial da precipitação e informação podológica devidamente normalizada.
Realizada a análise conclui-se que a bacia hidrográfica de São Francisco não apresenta caraterísticas que conduzam à ocorrência de grandes cenários de cheias, no entanto tal não invalida que estas não ocorram.
The process and analysis of a flood is an object of considerable importance and multiple interests, ranging from prevention and the mitigation of flood episodes to the design of hydraulic infrastructure. The present work aimed to produce flood hydrographs related to the pluviometric events that have occurred and were simulated in the hydrographic basin of São Francisco, located in the west zone of the island of Santa Maria – Azores, using the combination of the hydrological model with geographic information systems. During the development of this work, tools were used to allow a relatively prompt and significantly practical analysis to be carried out. The ESRI ArcGIS 10.6.1 software was specifically used, with the help of the ArcHydro, GeoHEC-HMS and GeoHEC-RAS extensions, which culminated in the export to the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS hydrological modeling and software, where the calibration of parameters and validation of results were carried out. The input data established for the HEC-HMS model covers the hydrograph precepitation of Fontinhas, Praia Formosa and Aeroporto udometric stations, in a time period of five years, between 2015 and 2019, and the establishment of parameters related to the loss methods and transformation such as, SCS Curve Number and SCS Unit Hydrograph, respectively. Nevertheless, the model can be improved with the introduction of more parameters and better information to allow the reproduction of all the constraints that characterize the basin, namely regarding the spatial distribution of rainfall and duly standardized foot data. After the analysis, it is concluded that the São Francisco hydrographic basin does not present characteristics that lead to the occurrence of large flood scenarios, however this does not invalidate that these may not occur.
The process and analysis of a flood is an object of considerable importance and multiple interests, ranging from prevention and the mitigation of flood episodes to the design of hydraulic infrastructure. The present work aimed to produce flood hydrographs related to the pluviometric events that have occurred and were simulated in the hydrographic basin of São Francisco, located in the west zone of the island of Santa Maria – Azores, using the combination of the hydrological model with geographic information systems. During the development of this work, tools were used to allow a relatively prompt and significantly practical analysis to be carried out. The ESRI ArcGIS 10.6.1 software was specifically used, with the help of the ArcHydro, GeoHEC-HMS and GeoHEC-RAS extensions, which culminated in the export to the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS hydrological modeling and software, where the calibration of parameters and validation of results were carried out. The input data established for the HEC-HMS model covers the hydrograph precepitation of Fontinhas, Praia Formosa and Aeroporto udometric stations, in a time period of five years, between 2015 and 2019, and the establishment of parameters related to the loss methods and transformation such as, SCS Curve Number and SCS Unit Hydrograph, respectively. Nevertheless, the model can be improved with the introduction of more parameters and better information to allow the reproduction of all the constraints that characterize the basin, namely regarding the spatial distribution of rainfall and duly standardized foot data. After the analysis, it is concluded that the São Francisco hydrographic basin does not present characteristics that lead to the occurrence of large flood scenarios, however this does not invalidate that these may not occur.
Descrição
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Geographic Information Systems and Science
Palavras-chave
Bacia Hidrográfica de São Francisco Caraterização Fisiográfica Modelação Hidrológica São Francisco watershed Physical characterization Hydrological Modeling