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Deteção e caracterização de rickettsias e outros agentes zoonóticos em animais selvagens e nos seus ectoparasitas
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo, estudar a eco-epidemiologia de rickettsias e outros agentes zoonóticos em populações de animais selvagens e domésticos e nos seus ectoparasitas.
De 2018 a 2021 foram colhidas amostras de sangue de linces e ectoparasitas de três populações de animais selvagens: linces ibéricos (Lynx pardinus), cavalos de raça Garrana (Equus caballus celticus) e aves. Paralelamente, em 2021 foram ainda estudadas amostras de sangue e ectoparasitas de gatos e cães recolhidos num canil. Todas as amostras foram colhidas em Portugal continental.
Foi realizada a caracterização morfológica e molecular dos ectoparasitas (ixodídeos, pulgas, moscas e piolhos), assim como a deteção e/ou isolamento e caracterização molecular de Rickettsia, Bartonella e protozoários do filo Apicomplexa, nestes vetores. Nas populações de linces e de animais domésticos, foi ainda realizada a pesquisa por PCR dos mesmos agentes zoonóticos no sangue dos animais e investigada a presença de anticorpos IgG anti-Rickettsia e anti-Bartonella pela técnica de Imunofluorescência indireta. Do total de ectoparasitas foram estudados 569 ixodídeos que incluíram, 253 colhidos em linces, 151 de Garranos, 95 de aves e 34 de animais domésticos.
Ixodes ventalloi e Rhipicephalus pusillus foram as espécies mais prevalentes a parasitar linces, R.bursa cavalos Garranos e fases imaturas de Hyalomma marginatum as aves. A pesquisa de agentes no total de ixodídeos analisados revelou a presença de Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Candidatus R. barbarie, R. conorii, R. helvetica, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, R. massiliae, Hepatozoon felis, Theileria equi e Babesia cabalii. Em pulgas Ctenocephalides felis foi detetado por PCR, R. felis e R. asembonensis. Da pesquisa por PCR realizada no sangue dos linces 61,5% foram positivos para H. felis e 33,3% para Cytauxzoon spp.. Foram realizadas tentativas
de isolamento em 36 ixodídeos de cavalos e foram conseguidos dois isolados de Candidatus R. barbarie. Encontrámos nos linces uma prevalência de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia de 82,1% e de 41% para anticorpos anti-Bartonella.
Reportamos pela primeira vez, a presença da mosca Ornithomya biloba em Portugal. Este foi o primeiro estudo realizado em ectoparasitas colhidos em linces ibéricos reintroduzidos em Portugal.
This work aimed to study the eco-epidemiology of rickettsiae and other zoonotic agents in wild and domestic animal populations and their ectoparasites. From 2018 to 2021 blood samples were collected from lynx and ectoparasites from three wild animal populations: Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), Garrano horses (Equus caballus celticus) and birds. In parallel in 2021 blood samples and ectoparasites from cats and dogs collected from a kennel were also studied. All samples were collected in continental Portugal. Morphological and molecular characterization of ectoparasites (ixodidae, fleas, flies and lice) was performed as well as the detection and/or isolation and molecular characterization of Rickettsia, Bartonella and protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa in these vectors. In lynx and domestic animal populations, the same zoonotic agents were also investigated by PCR in the blood of animals and the presence of IgG anti-Rickettsia and anti-Bartonella antibodies was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Of the total ectoparasites 569 Ixodidae were studied which included, 253 collected from lynx, 151 from garrano horses, 95 from birds and 34 from domestic animals. Ixodes ventalloi and Rhipicephalus pusillus were the most prevalent species parasitizing lynx, R.bursa horses Garranos and immature stages of Hyalomma marginatum birds. Agent investigation on these ixodids revealed the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Candidatus R. barbarie, R. conorii, R. helvetica, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, R. massiliae, Hepatozoon felis, Theileria equi and Babesia cabalii. In Ctenocephalides felis fleas, R. felis and R. asembonensis were detected by PCR. Of the total lynx 61.5% were positive by PCR for H. felis and 33.3% for Cytauxzoon spp.. Isolation attempts were performed on 36 horse ixodids and two isolates of Candidatus R. barbarie were obtained. We found in lynx prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia of 82.1% and 41% for Bartonella. We report for the first time the presence of the fly Ornithomya biloba in Portugal. This was the first study carried out on ectoparasites collected from Iberian lynx reintroduced in Portugal.
This work aimed to study the eco-epidemiology of rickettsiae and other zoonotic agents in wild and domestic animal populations and their ectoparasites. From 2018 to 2021 blood samples were collected from lynx and ectoparasites from three wild animal populations: Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), Garrano horses (Equus caballus celticus) and birds. In parallel in 2021 blood samples and ectoparasites from cats and dogs collected from a kennel were also studied. All samples were collected in continental Portugal. Morphological and molecular characterization of ectoparasites (ixodidae, fleas, flies and lice) was performed as well as the detection and/or isolation and molecular characterization of Rickettsia, Bartonella and protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa in these vectors. In lynx and domestic animal populations, the same zoonotic agents were also investigated by PCR in the blood of animals and the presence of IgG anti-Rickettsia and anti-Bartonella antibodies was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Of the total ectoparasites 569 Ixodidae were studied which included, 253 collected from lynx, 151 from garrano horses, 95 from birds and 34 from domestic animals. Ixodes ventalloi and Rhipicephalus pusillus were the most prevalent species parasitizing lynx, R.bursa horses Garranos and immature stages of Hyalomma marginatum birds. Agent investigation on these ixodids revealed the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Candidatus R. barbarie, R. conorii, R. helvetica, R. sibirica mongolitimonae, R. massiliae, Hepatozoon felis, Theileria equi and Babesia cabalii. In Ctenocephalides felis fleas, R. felis and R. asembonensis were detected by PCR. Of the total lynx 61.5% were positive by PCR for H. felis and 33.3% for Cytauxzoon spp.. Isolation attempts were performed on 36 horse ixodids and two isolates of Candidatus R. barbarie were obtained. We found in lynx prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia of 82.1% and 41% for Bartonella. We report for the first time the presence of the fly Ornithomya biloba in Portugal. This was the first study carried out on ectoparasites collected from Iberian lynx reintroduced in Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Garranos Linces Aves Rickettsias Ixodídeos Piroplamídeos