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Dengue no Rio de Janeiro: evolução espaço-temporal e epidemiológica após libertação de mosquitos modificados com Wolbachia
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A dengue pode manifestar-se sob a forma clássica ou febre de dengue (FD), e a forma hemorrágica, nomeada Febre Hemorrágica de Dengue (FHD), por vezes com síndrome de choque da dengue (SCD). Esta doença foi considerada, durante muitos séculos, como uma doença benigna, no entanto passou a exibir novas características de agravamento após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando ocorreu a circulação simultânea de vários serotipos na mesma área geográfica.
Estima-se que existam 390 milhões de infecções por ano, das quais aproximadamente 96 milhões se manifestam clinicamente (com qualquer gravidade da doença). No entanto, sabe-se que esta doença é uma das mais subnotificadas do mundo, pelo que o planeamento e controlo da mesma é necessário para evitar os surtos que ainda acontecem em grande parte do planeta.
No Brasil têm ocorrido epidemias desde o século XIX. A região sudeste do país, em específico o Rio de Janeiro, contribui de forma sistemática e alarmante com grande número de casos notificados e confirmados no território. Em 2012 a Fiocruz, juntamente com World Mosquito Program Brasil e a prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, iniciam o projeto piloto de controlo de vetores através da utilização de mosquitos modificados com a bactéria Wolbachia. Em 2015 foi escolhido o bairro do Galeão, na Ilha do Governador, RJ, para o início deste projeto.
Pretende-se descrever a evolução espaço-temporal da dengue no Município do Rio de Janeiro (MRJ) entre 2010 e 2019, e o impacto na epidemiologia da dengue com a libertação de mosquitos modificados no bairro do Galeão. Para isso foi realizado um estudo ecológico misto, exploratório, a fim de comparar a incidência cumulativa (IC) de dengue entre áreas de planejamento (AP) do município do Rio de Janeiro e entre bairros da Ilha do Governador.
Verificou-se menor número de casos e incidência cumulativa a partir de 2014 no MRJ, suas APs e nos bairros da Ilha do Governador. A diminuição da IC de dengue foi acompanhada de um aumento do número de pessoas abrangidas pelos serviços urbanos. A evolução da IC de dengue no bairro do Galeão tem o mesmo perfil dos restantes bairros da Ilha do Governador, apresentando valores intermédios.
À data de realização deste estudo, a diminuição da incidência da doença não pode ser atribuída à nova técnica de controlo biológico de vetores.
Dengue can manifest itself in the classic form or through dengue fever (FD), and the hemorrhagic form, denominated Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (FHD), sometimes with dengue shock syndrome (SCD). This disease considered, for many centuries, as being benign, however it started to exhibit new worsening characteristics after the Second World War, when the simultaneous circulation of several serotypes occurred in the same geographical area. It is estimated that there are 390 million infections per year, of which approximately 96 million are manifested clinically (with any severity of the disease). However, it is known that this disease is one of the most underreported in the world, so planning and controlling it is necessary to prevent the outbreaks that still occur in greater part of our planet. Epidemics have occurred in Brazil since the 19th century. The southeastern region of the country, specifically Rio de Janeiro, contributes in a systematic and alarming manner with a large number of reported and confirmed cases in the territory. In 2012, Fiocruz, together with World Mosquito Program Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro, started the pilot vector control project with mosquitoes modified with the bacteria Wolbachia. In 2015, the neighborhood of Galeão, on Ilha do Governador, RJ, It was nominated to initiate this project. It ment to describe the space-time evolution of dengue in the MRJ between 2010 and 2019, and the impact on the epidemiology of dengue with the release of modified mosquitoes in the neighborhood of Galeão. Therefore, a mixed ecological study was runned in order to compare the cumulative incidence of dengue between planning areas in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and between neighborhoods in Ilha do Governador. There was a lower number of cases and cumulative incidence as of 2014 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, its APs (Planning Areas) and in the neighborhoods of Ilha do Governador. The decrease in dengue HF was followed by an increase in the number of people covered by urban services. The dengue CI (cumulative incidence) in the neighborhood of Galeão has the same profile as the other neighborhoods in Ilha do Governador, presenting intermediate values. The decrease in the disease incidence cannot be related to the new biological vector control technique.
Dengue can manifest itself in the classic form or through dengue fever (FD), and the hemorrhagic form, denominated Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (FHD), sometimes with dengue shock syndrome (SCD). This disease considered, for many centuries, as being benign, however it started to exhibit new worsening characteristics after the Second World War, when the simultaneous circulation of several serotypes occurred in the same geographical area. It is estimated that there are 390 million infections per year, of which approximately 96 million are manifested clinically (with any severity of the disease). However, it is known that this disease is one of the most underreported in the world, so planning and controlling it is necessary to prevent the outbreaks that still occur in greater part of our planet. Epidemics have occurred in Brazil since the 19th century. The southeastern region of the country, specifically Rio de Janeiro, contributes in a systematic and alarming manner with a large number of reported and confirmed cases in the territory. In 2012, Fiocruz, together with World Mosquito Program Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro, started the pilot vector control project with mosquitoes modified with the bacteria Wolbachia. In 2015, the neighborhood of Galeão, on Ilha do Governador, RJ, It was nominated to initiate this project. It ment to describe the space-time evolution of dengue in the MRJ between 2010 and 2019, and the impact on the epidemiology of dengue with the release of modified mosquitoes in the neighborhood of Galeão. Therefore, a mixed ecological study was runned in order to compare the cumulative incidence of dengue between planning areas in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and between neighborhoods in Ilha do Governador. There was a lower number of cases and cumulative incidence as of 2014 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, its APs (Planning Areas) and in the neighborhoods of Ilha do Governador. The decrease in dengue HF was followed by an increase in the number of people covered by urban services. The dengue CI (cumulative incidence) in the neighborhood of Galeão has the same profile as the other neighborhoods in Ilha do Governador, presenting intermediate values. The decrease in the disease incidence cannot be related to the new biological vector control technique.
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Doenças tropicais Saúde tropical Dengue Epidemiologia Wolbachia Estudo ecológico Determinantes ambientais Rio de Janeiro Brasil