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COVID-19 em Portugal: fatores associados à não adesão ao primeiro período de confinamento geral através de um estudo transversal
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RESUMO - Um novo coronavírus reportado pelas autoridades chinesas em dezembro de 2019 alastrou rapidamente pelo mundo. Os dois primeiros casos de SARS-CoV-2 em Portugal foram divulgados no dia 2 de março de 2020, pressionando o governo a implementar um confinamento nacional. Pouco se sabe sobre que características sociodemográficas e de perceção de risco estão associadas ao cumprimento desta recomendação. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os fatores associados à não adesão à ordem de permanência em casa em Portugal implementada a partir de 19 de março. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados recolhidos entre 21 e 30 de março, através de um questionário online, com 133.601 inquiridos (idade média de 44 anos) com idades entre os 16 e os 100 anos e residentes em Portugal. Para identificar os fatores associados à não adesão ao confinamento, os dados foram sujeitos a análises de regressão logística univariada e multivariada. A maioria dos participantes (94,4%) obedeceu ao confinamento. No entanto, os resultados mostram que estar no local de trabalho em vez de transitar para o teletrabalho (OR: 4.335 IC: [4.033; 4.659]), menor confiança no governo vs falta de confiança (OR: 0,862 IC: [0,765; 0,972]]) e alto risco percebido de contrair a infeção (OR: 2.375 IC: [2.208; 2.555]) aumentam o risco de não adesão. Homens, pessoas com menor escolaridade e indivíduos de agregados familiares com rendimentos mais baixos têm menor chance de cumprimento da medida. Embora este estudo não seja representativo da população portuguesa, os resultados sugerem alguns fatores que podem estar associados à não adesão ao confinamento. É necessária mais investigação para entender por que motivo alguns grupos populacionais têm menor chance de adesão ao confinamento. A comunicação em saúde pública deve ser particularmente direcionada para estas populações vulneráveis.
ABSTRACT - A new coronavirus reported by health authorities in China in December of 2019 rapidly spread across the world. The first two cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal were made public on 2nd March 2020, pushing the government to implement a national confinement. Little is known about which sociodemographic and risk perception characteristics are associated with this recommendation’s compliance. This study aims to identify factors associated with non-adherence to stay-at-home order in Portugal. This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected between 21st and 30th of March via an online questionnaire, from 133.601 respondents (mean age 44 years) living in Portugal aged between 16 and 100 years old. To identify factors associated with non-adherence to the confinement, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses respectively. The majority of the participants (94,4%) obeyed to the confinement. However, the results showed that factors such as being in the workplace instead of transiting to telework (OR: 4,335 IC: [4,033;4,659]), less confident in the government vs lack of confidence (OR: 0,862 IC: [0,765;0,972]) and high perceived risk of getting the infection (OR: 2,375 IC: [2,208;2,555]) are associated in non-adherence. Male, people with lower education and people from lower incomes households have also lower chance to comply with it. This study is not representative of the Portuguese population. Findings suggest more research is needed to understand why such groups have less chance to confinement adherence. Targeted health communication should be directed to these particular vulnerable populations.
ABSTRACT - A new coronavirus reported by health authorities in China in December of 2019 rapidly spread across the world. The first two cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal were made public on 2nd March 2020, pushing the government to implement a national confinement. Little is known about which sociodemographic and risk perception characteristics are associated with this recommendation’s compliance. This study aims to identify factors associated with non-adherence to stay-at-home order in Portugal. This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected between 21st and 30th of March via an online questionnaire, from 133.601 respondents (mean age 44 years) living in Portugal aged between 16 and 100 years old. To identify factors associated with non-adherence to the confinement, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses respectively. The majority of the participants (94,4%) obeyed to the confinement. However, the results showed that factors such as being in the workplace instead of transiting to telework (OR: 4,335 IC: [4,033;4,659]), less confident in the government vs lack of confidence (OR: 0,862 IC: [0,765;0,972]) and high perceived risk of getting the infection (OR: 2,375 IC: [2,208;2,555]) are associated in non-adherence. Male, people with lower education and people from lower incomes households have also lower chance to comply with it. This study is not representative of the Portuguese population. Findings suggest more research is needed to understand why such groups have less chance to confinement adherence. Targeted health communication should be directed to these particular vulnerable populations.
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COVID-19 Comportamento preventivo Adesão Medidas preventivas Conformidade Pandemia Preventive behaviour Public adherence Preventive Measures Compliance Pandemic