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Potencial Energético dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos da Província de Luanda (ASM) por Diferentes Modelos Técnicos de Previsão
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O aproveitamento de biogás de aterro pode possibilitar uma mudança sustentável, o que desperta a aten-ção de muitos países interessados na diversificação da matriz energética. Assim sendo, um grande pro-blema que atualmente Angola enfrenta é a crise económica devido a dependência dos recursos energé-ticos fósseis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, o que torna imperativo fazer a diversificação energética preferencialmente incluindo fontes renováveis.
Atendendo ao disposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estimar teoricamente o potencial ener-gético dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da província de Luanda, considerando concretamente os resíduos depostos nos últimos 8 anos, no aterro sanitário dos Mulenvos, que por sinal é o único existente no país. O trabalho foi organizado em 6 capítulos fundamentais para a sua realização.
Para avaliar o potencial energético do aterro sanitário dos Mulenvos de forma precisa, utilizaram-se dois modelos de previsão de biogás de aterros sanitário: o modelo LandGEM e o modelo IPCC. Estes dois modelos foram utilizados como ferramentas de extrema importância para suportar um estudo de viabi-lidade. Por conseguinte fez-se um estudo comparativo da produção de caudal de metano recuperado do aterro e estimou-se o potencial de energia elétrica produzido a partir deste gás. Da análise realizada concluiu-se que o potencial energético dos RSUs de Luanda apresentou bons resultados, destacando-se, o modelo IPCC v.2006 por nele se obter valor máximo de caudal de metano captado de 823 482 436,51 m3/ano relativamente ao ano 2020 e uma potência elétrica de 249,15 MW, superior ao modelo LandGEM v.3.02.
Os resultados obtidos permitem avaliar o desperdício de um recurso energético, que vem sendo feito no aterro sanitário dos Mulenvos, prejudicando deste modo o ambiente da cidade de Luanda com emissões de GEE. Assim sendo, a implementação de um projeto de produção energética com base no aproveita-mento e valorização do gás de aterro, permitiria uma gestão mais sustentável do RSU da cidade de Luanda e contribuiria para as necessidades energéticas da mesma, mediante o fornecimento de energia elétrica. Esta fonte de energia renovável seria uma alternativa a ter em conta, pois aceleraria a diversi-ficação da matriz energética, reduzindo a utilização predominante de recursos como o petróleo e o gás natural.
The use of landfill biogas can enable a sustainable change, which raises the attention of many countries interested in the diversification of the energy matrix. Therefore, a major problema that Angola is the economic crisis due to its dependence on fossil energy resources, such as oil and natural gas, which makes it imperative to carry out energy diversification. preferably including renewable sources. In compliance with the provisions, the present work aims to theoretically estimate the energy potential of urban solid waste in the province of Luanda, considering concretely the waste deposited in the last 8 years, at the Mulenvos landfill, which by the way is the only unit of this type in the country. The work was organized in 6 chapters, fundamental for its realization. To accurately assess the energy potential of the Mulenvos landfill, two landfill biogas prediction models were used: the LandGEM model and the IPCC model. These two models were used as extremely im-portant tools to support a feasibility study. Therefore, a comparative study of the production of the me-thane flow recovered from the landfill was made and the potential of electric energy produced from this gas was estimated. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the energy potential of the MSW in Luanda presented good results, with emphasis on the IPCC model v.2006, as it obtained a maximum methane flow rate of 823 482 436.51 m3 / year from year 2020 and an electrical power of 249.15 MW, higher than the LandGEM v.3.02 model. The results obtained allow us to assess the waste of an energy resource, which has been made at the Mulenvos landfill, thus damaging the environment of the city of Luanda with GHG emissions. There-fore, the implementation of an energy production project based on the use and valorization of landfill gas, would allow a more sustainable management of the MSW in the city of Luanda and contribute to its energy needs, through the supply of electric energy. This renewable energy source would be an alternative to take into account, as it would accelerate the diversification of the energy matrix, reducing the predominant use of resources such as oil and natural gas.
The use of landfill biogas can enable a sustainable change, which raises the attention of many countries interested in the diversification of the energy matrix. Therefore, a major problema that Angola is the economic crisis due to its dependence on fossil energy resources, such as oil and natural gas, which makes it imperative to carry out energy diversification. preferably including renewable sources. In compliance with the provisions, the present work aims to theoretically estimate the energy potential of urban solid waste in the province of Luanda, considering concretely the waste deposited in the last 8 years, at the Mulenvos landfill, which by the way is the only unit of this type in the country. The work was organized in 6 chapters, fundamental for its realization. To accurately assess the energy potential of the Mulenvos landfill, two landfill biogas prediction models were used: the LandGEM model and the IPCC model. These two models were used as extremely im-portant tools to support a feasibility study. Therefore, a comparative study of the production of the me-thane flow recovered from the landfill was made and the potential of electric energy produced from this gas was estimated. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the energy potential of the MSW in Luanda presented good results, with emphasis on the IPCC model v.2006, as it obtained a maximum methane flow rate of 823 482 436.51 m3 / year from year 2020 and an electrical power of 249.15 MW, higher than the LandGEM v.3.02 model. The results obtained allow us to assess the waste of an energy resource, which has been made at the Mulenvos landfill, thus damaging the environment of the city of Luanda with GHG emissions. There-fore, the implementation of an energy production project based on the use and valorization of landfill gas, would allow a more sustainable management of the MSW in the city of Luanda and contribute to its energy needs, through the supply of electric energy. This renewable energy source would be an alternative to take into account, as it would accelerate the diversification of the energy matrix, reducing the predominant use of resources such as oil and natural gas.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biogás de aterro sanitário Modelos de previsão modelo LandGEM modelo IPCC