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Ideias Políticas em Tempo de Mudança. História de Raiz e Utopia (1977-1981)
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Entre meados dos anos de 1970 e inícios dos anos de 1980, Portugal conheceu um período de grandes transformações políticas, do fim do Estado Novo e da Revolução de Abril à aproximação à CEE. O presente estudo contribui para a análise do período examinando a revista Raiz e Utopia, publicação editada entre 1977 e 1981 e que deu expressão a tendências político-ideológicas diversas (algumas de raiz conservadora, outras afins ao princípio da utopia) e a uma pluralidade de géneros textuais (do ensaísmo político às análises das ciências sociais). Críticos do que consideravam ser a integração de Portugal no quadro da «civilização organizacional ou burocrática», as três individualidades que fundaram Raiz e Utopia visavam um conhecimento introspetivo da raiz tendo no horizonte a proclamação de uma utopia radical que não queriam ver ancorada em qualquer tipo de fundo ideológico. Esta intenção, de resto, mostrava-se afim ao facto de o projeto editorial em questão ter sido determinado pelo exercício de uma vontade menos programática do que crítica – com base no diagnóstico de uma «crise da civilização». Raiz e Utopia produziu um discurso crítico de uma «civilização organizacional ou burocrática» na qual Portugal estaria na eminência de se integrar e na qual ganharam expressão uma série de assuntos específicos. Entre estes estão a agricultura biológica, a homossexualidade ou o sistema prisional, que surgem como aspetos constitutivos da crítica ecológica e da tecnologia, assim como da problematização da marginalidade social. Estas questões pouco haviam interpelado as principais culturas políticas do século XX português, do salazarismo ao antifascismo, mas confrontavam tanto os modelos de liberalismo vigentes a Ocidente como os modelos de socialismo vigentes na Europa do Leste. Os assuntos e questões referidas mobilizavam determinadas sensibilidades políticas e culturais, algumas de pendor mais tradicionalista, outras de pendor mais libertário. Tal facto verificou-se numa diversidade de que são exemplo a convivência na revista de autores tão distintos como o arquiteto paisagista Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles e o poeta e ensaísta Alberto Pimenta. Ao mesmo tempo, em relação com aquelas questões e em associação a estas sensibilidades, a revista igualmente constituiu um terreno fértil à expressão de saberes disciplinares até então pouco presentes no panorama intelectual português, dos estudos sobre tecnologia aos estudos de género, passando pela antropologia social. Identificando as temáticas abordadas pela revista e analisando a linguagem e os conceitos por ela veiculados, procuraremos desenvolver uma história que compreenda as ideias políticas à margem da sua fixação doutrinária e transversalmente às modalidades discursivas específicas a cada género.
Between the mid-1970s and the early 1980s, Portugal experienced a period of major political transformations, from the end of Estado Novo and the April Revolution to the approach to the EEC. The present study contributes to the analysis of the period by examining the magazine Raiz e Utopia [Root and Utopia], published between 1977 and 1981 and which gave expression to different political-ideological tendencies (some with conservative roots, others related to the principle of utopia) and a plurality of textual genres (from political essayism to social science analysis). Critical of what they considered to be the integration of Portugal within the framework of «organizational or bureaucratic civilization», the three individuals who founded Raiz and Utopia aimed at an introspective knowledge of the root proclaiming a radical utopia that they did not want to see anchored in any kind of ideological background. Moreover, this intention, was in line with the fact that the editorial project in question was determined by the exercise of a less programmatic than critical will – based on the diagnosis of a «crisis of civilization». Raiz e Utopia produced a critical discourse of an «organizational or bureaucratic civilization» in which Portugal would be on the verge of integrating itself and in which a series of specific issues gained expression. Among these were organic farming, homosexuality or the prison system, which appear as constitutive aspects of ecological and technological criticism, as well as the problematisation of social marginality. These questions had little to do with the main political cultures of the Portuguese 20th century, from Salazarism to anti-fascism, but they confronted both the models of liberalism in force in the West and the models of socialism in force in Eastern Europe. The subjects and issues mentioned mobilised certain political and cultural sensitivities, some with a more traditionalist tendency, others with a more libertarian one. Such a fact was attested in a diversity of which the coexistence in the magazine of authors as different as the landscape architect Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles and the poet and essayist Alberto Pimenta are examples. At the same time, in relation to those issues and in association with these sensitivities, the magazine also constituted a fertile soil for the expression of disciplinary knowledge hitherto little present in the Portuguese intellectual panorama, from the studies on technology to gender studies, including social anthropology. By identifying the themes addressed in the magazine and analising the language and concepts conveyed in it, we will seek to develop a history that understands political ideas apart from their doctrinal fixation and across gender-specific discursive modalities.
Between the mid-1970s and the early 1980s, Portugal experienced a period of major political transformations, from the end of Estado Novo and the April Revolution to the approach to the EEC. The present study contributes to the analysis of the period by examining the magazine Raiz e Utopia [Root and Utopia], published between 1977 and 1981 and which gave expression to different political-ideological tendencies (some with conservative roots, others related to the principle of utopia) and a plurality of textual genres (from political essayism to social science analysis). Critical of what they considered to be the integration of Portugal within the framework of «organizational or bureaucratic civilization», the three individuals who founded Raiz and Utopia aimed at an introspective knowledge of the root proclaiming a radical utopia that they did not want to see anchored in any kind of ideological background. Moreover, this intention, was in line with the fact that the editorial project in question was determined by the exercise of a less programmatic than critical will – based on the diagnosis of a «crisis of civilization». Raiz e Utopia produced a critical discourse of an «organizational or bureaucratic civilization» in which Portugal would be on the verge of integrating itself and in which a series of specific issues gained expression. Among these were organic farming, homosexuality or the prison system, which appear as constitutive aspects of ecological and technological criticism, as well as the problematisation of social marginality. These questions had little to do with the main political cultures of the Portuguese 20th century, from Salazarism to anti-fascism, but they confronted both the models of liberalism in force in the West and the models of socialism in force in Eastern Europe. The subjects and issues mentioned mobilised certain political and cultural sensitivities, some with a more traditionalist tendency, others with a more libertarian one. Such a fact was attested in a diversity of which the coexistence in the magazine of authors as different as the landscape architect Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles and the poet and essayist Alberto Pimenta are examples. At the same time, in relation to those issues and in association with these sensitivities, the magazine also constituted a fertile soil for the expression of disciplinary knowledge hitherto little present in the Portuguese intellectual panorama, from the studies on technology to gender studies, including social anthropology. By identifying the themes addressed in the magazine and analising the language and concepts conveyed in it, we will seek to develop a history that understands political ideas apart from their doctrinal fixation and across gender-specific discursive modalities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ideias Raiz e Utopia Política Cultura Ideas Root and Utopia Policy Culture