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Sistema de aquisição e processamento de imagem com computador e FPGA
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Resumo(s)
O processamento de imagem é um conceito muito vasto e utilizado em diversas áreas, tais
como diagnóstico e tratamento médico, aplicação industrial, análise meteorológica, entre outras.
Há algumas décadas o processamento de imagem era realizado maioritariamente de forma
analógica. No entanto, com a gradual evolução tecnológica e a capacidade de processamento
dos computadores, as técnicas de processamento foram aos poucos sendo substituídas por
métodos digitais. Bibliotecas de processamento de imagem, das quais se destacam a OpenCV,
são amplamente utilizadas, facilitando o desenvolvimento de sistemas de processamento de
imagem.
As FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) são dispositivos reconfiguráveis que podem ser
utilizados para implementar circuitos digitais. Embora sejam frequentemente referidas
vantagens das FPGA, em certas situações quando comparadas a computadores, a sua utilização
pode ter uma menor performance, nomeadamente em sistemas de processamento de imagem.
Isto pode ser explicado pela complexidade da tecnologia e pela complexidade dos ambientes de
desenvolvimento.
Tendo em conta que o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a utilização de FPGA na
aquisição e processamento de imagens, neste documento propõe-se um sistema de aquisição e
processamento de imagem composto por FPGA e computador. A FPGA é utilizada para fazer a
aquisição e o pré-processamento de imagem, enquanto o computador é utilizado para o restante
processamento. É proposta a utilização de um computador de baixo custo, um Raspberry Pi, de
fácil utilização e que permite a utilização de OpenCV. Para a comunicação entre a FPGA e o
computador é utilizado o protocolo SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).
Image processing is a very broad concept in several areas. It is used in areas such as medical treatment, industrial applications, meteorological analysis, among many others. A few decades ago, image processing was performed mostly in an analog way. But with the gradual technological evolution and the speed capability of computers getting better and better every day, processing techniques were gradually being replaced by digital methods. Image processing libraries, which OpenCV stands out, are widely used, facilitating the development of image processing systems. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) are reconfigurable devices that can be used for digital circuits. Although the advantages of FPGA are often mentioned, when compared to computers, in some cases their use have less performance, namely in image processing systems. This can be explained by the fact of their complexity of the technology and the complexity of the development environments. Keeping in mind that the objective of this work is to contribute to the use of FPGA in the acquisition and processing images, in this document it is proposed an image acquisition and processing system composed of a FPGA and computer. The FPGA is utilized for image acquisition and pre-processing, while the computer is used for the rest of the processing work. It is proposed to use a low-cost computer, a Raspberry Pi, which is easy to use and allows the utilization of OpenCV. For the communication between the FPGA and the computer is used the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol.
Image processing is a very broad concept in several areas. It is used in areas such as medical treatment, industrial applications, meteorological analysis, among many others. A few decades ago, image processing was performed mostly in an analog way. But with the gradual technological evolution and the speed capability of computers getting better and better every day, processing techniques were gradually being replaced by digital methods. Image processing libraries, which OpenCV stands out, are widely used, facilitating the development of image processing systems. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) are reconfigurable devices that can be used for digital circuits. Although the advantages of FPGA are often mentioned, when compared to computers, in some cases their use have less performance, namely in image processing systems. This can be explained by the fact of their complexity of the technology and the complexity of the development environments. Keeping in mind that the objective of this work is to contribute to the use of FPGA in the acquisition and processing images, in this document it is proposed an image acquisition and processing system composed of a FPGA and computer. The FPGA is utilized for image acquisition and pre-processing, while the computer is used for the rest of the processing work. It is proposed to use a low-cost computer, a Raspberry Pi, which is easy to use and allows the utilization of OpenCV. For the communication between the FPGA and the computer is used the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Processamento de imagem Plataformas Heterogéneas Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) VHDL Hardware Software