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Gestão Territorial em Sistemas Urbanos Complexos – Modelação de um guia de gestão integrada para apoiar a governança de metrópoles
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A cidade expansiva cresceu, alargou-se, ficou difusa, fragmentada e desqualificada, refletindo desigualdades e deseconomias na dotação de equipamentos e infraestruturas de serviço à comunidade, instalando fenómenos de pobreza e exclusão social assim como impactes e riscos ambientais nocivos. Apesar das políticas e objetivos estratégicos traçados, vão cometendo erros na condução do desenvolvimento territorial, até que as situações críticas se impõem como problemas sérios a resolver. Tudo aconteceu sem que, em tempo útil, fosse travado ou reorientado o processo, pois não soaram os necessários alarmes em devido tempo. Uma ação de gestão mais racionalizada, mais transparente e participada teria ajudado a ponderar e consensualizar estratégias, aferir sustentabilidade económica e ambiental, assegurando resultados de melhor eficácia e qualidade, prevenindo os erros ou tendências problemáticas. Numa época de mudanças e incertezas que impõem novos paradigmas no desenvolvimento urbano e em que as orientações de política apontam para um novo modelo estrutural de cidade e território através de um processo de regeneração da ocupação desordenada existente, urge conceber e implementar modelos e práticas de gestão territorial ponderados e permanentemente avaliados com vista a assegurar uma estratégia eficaz desenhada segundo uma visão de futuro desejado. Na verdade, as dinâmicas urbanas refletem-se em processos e tendências transformadoras, as quais necessitam de ter uma ação reguladora orientada e reajustada por uma estratégia racionalizada, mas sistematicamente reavaliada, permanentemente atenta às dinâmicas que se mostrem críticas para o desenvolvimento da cidade e do território. Nesta investigação, tendo em conta as teorias do planeamento e as tendências da “praxis” dominante na gestão territorial, as políticas de coesão territorial e de sustentabilidade ambiental e socioeconómica, e ainda as estratégias dos atores e as necessidades da comunidade a servir, a tese consiste em identificar a necessidade e conceber um modelo de sistema de apoio à gestão territorial integrada de sistemas urbanos complexos, demonstrando as utilidades das metodologias adotadas e das potenciais aplicações na otimização do desempenho do ordenamento do território quer na ótica do planeamento quer dos resultados. Como suporte empírico para a conceptualização e para validação da tese e suas propostas, toma-se como caso de estudo a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa.
The expansive city grew, widened, became diffuse, fragmented and disqualified, reflecting inequalities and diseconomies in the provision of equipment and infrastructure for service to the community, installing phenomena of poverty and social exclusion and of environmental impacts and risks. Despite the policies and strategic objectives outlined, they are making mistakes in conducting territorial development, until critical situations impose themselves as serious problems to be solved. Everything happened without the process being blocked or redirected in good time, as the necessary alarms did not sound in due time. A more rationalized, more transparent and participative management action would have helped to consider and agree on strategies, to measure economic and environmental sustainability, ensuring better efficiency and quality results, preventing errors or problematic trends. In an era of changes and uncertainties that impose new paradigms in urban development and in which the policy guidelines point to a new structural model of city and territory through a process of regeneration of the existing disorderly occupation, it is urgent to conceive and implement management models and practices weighted and permanently evaluated in order to ensure an effective strategy designed according to a vision of the desired future. In fact, urban dynamics are reflected in transformative processes and trends, which need to have a regulatory action oriented and readjusted by a rationalized strategy, but systematically reassessed, permanently attentive to the dynamics that prove to be critical for the city and territory development. In this investigation, reviewing the theories of planning and the trends of the dominant “praxis” in territorial management, the policies of territorial cohesion, environmental and socioeconomic sustainability, as well as the strategies of the actors and the needs of the community to be served, the thesis is to identify the need and designing a model of a guide-system to support the integrated territorial management of complex urban systems, demonstrating the usefulness of the adopted methodologies and of the potential applications in the optimization of the spatial planning performance, both in terms of planning and results. The Metropolitan Area of Lisbon is taken as a case study for empirical support the conceptualization and validation of the thesis and its proposals.
The expansive city grew, widened, became diffuse, fragmented and disqualified, reflecting inequalities and diseconomies in the provision of equipment and infrastructure for service to the community, installing phenomena of poverty and social exclusion and of environmental impacts and risks. Despite the policies and strategic objectives outlined, they are making mistakes in conducting territorial development, until critical situations impose themselves as serious problems to be solved. Everything happened without the process being blocked or redirected in good time, as the necessary alarms did not sound in due time. A more rationalized, more transparent and participative management action would have helped to consider and agree on strategies, to measure economic and environmental sustainability, ensuring better efficiency and quality results, preventing errors or problematic trends. In an era of changes and uncertainties that impose new paradigms in urban development and in which the policy guidelines point to a new structural model of city and territory through a process of regeneration of the existing disorderly occupation, it is urgent to conceive and implement management models and practices weighted and permanently evaluated in order to ensure an effective strategy designed according to a vision of the desired future. In fact, urban dynamics are reflected in transformative processes and trends, which need to have a regulatory action oriented and readjusted by a rationalized strategy, but systematically reassessed, permanently attentive to the dynamics that prove to be critical for the city and territory development. In this investigation, reviewing the theories of planning and the trends of the dominant “praxis” in territorial management, the policies of territorial cohesion, environmental and socioeconomic sustainability, as well as the strategies of the actors and the needs of the community to be served, the thesis is to identify the need and designing a model of a guide-system to support the integrated territorial management of complex urban systems, demonstrating the usefulness of the adopted methodologies and of the potential applications in the optimization of the spatial planning performance, both in terms of planning and results. The Metropolitan Area of Lisbon is taken as a case study for empirical support the conceptualization and validation of the thesis and its proposals.
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Palavras-chave
Planeamento Estratégico das cidades Gestão Territorial Integrada Governança de sistemas urbanos complexos Urbanismo Sustentável Gestão Territorial Adaptativa Cidade Resiliente Strategic planning of cities Integrated Territorial Management Governance of complex urban systems Sustainable Urbanism Adaptive Territorial Management Resilient City