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Aplicação de Técnicas de Controlo de Condição no Âmbito da Conservação do Património Industrial
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A Primeira Revolução Industrial iniciada no século XVIII é considerada atualmente
como um dos grandes marcos da história moderna. Deste período subsistem até aos dias
de hoje diversas máquinas que representam a memória dessa era e que têm vindo a
suscitar a atenção de áreas como a de conservação e restauro. No entanto, a conservação
deste tipo máquinas, especialmente as que ainda funcionam, requer uma atenção mais
especializada, sendo neste contexto que as áreas da engenharia mecânica podem prestar
um serviço fundamental. Aplicando técnicas modernas e conhecimentos aprofundados
sobre o funcionamento dos mecanismos mais antigos, é possível fazer uma caracterização
do comportamento dinâmico, uma determinação de propriedades mecânicas e uma
análise mais rigorosa do estado de condição desses equipamentos.
É neste sentido que surge o tema desta dissertação de mestrado. Tendo por base
uma proposta do projeto IH4Future do LIBPhys – UNL (Departamento de Física da FCT),
e da Câmara Municipal do Seixal, foi realizado um estudo em torno de um conjunto de
objetos existente na Fábrica de Pólvora de Vale de Milhaços, constituído por uma
máquina a vapor, com mais de um século, e as tubagens, caldeiras e bombas de água que
fazem parte do seu funcionamento. O estudo realizado assenta numa caracterização do
funcionamento deste conjunto, através da aplicação de técnicas de manutenção
preventiva, como a análise de vibrações e de temperaturas (termografia e medição com
sensores).
Com um interesse essencialmente histórico e cultural, a recuperação desta máquina
a vapor e a possibilidade de a manter em condição operacional, na instalação industrial
onde foi originalmente implantada, visa a preservação do património industrial, abrindo
eventualmente um caminho à conservação e entendimento destes objetos históricos,
assente na comunhão entre os conhecimentos provenientes das áreas de conservação,
restauro e materiais e os conhecimentos e técnicas da área de engenharia mecânica.
O presente estudo apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido para a recolha, processamento
e análise dos dados sobre vibrações e temperatura medidos in situ, com a máquina em
funcionamento, assim como os resultados obtidos e algumas considerações conclusivas,
podendo esta avaliação inicial constituir uma situação de referência para os trabalhos
futuros a desenvolver.
The industrial revolution initiated in the 18th century is considered to be one of the greatest landmarks of modern history. From that period, several ancient machines that represent the memory of that era subsist until the present days and have been attracting the attention of areas such as conservation and restoration. However, the preservation of this type of machines, especially those that are intended to maintain operational, requires a more specialized attention justifying the fundamental collaboration of areas like mechanical engineering. Applying modern techniques and in-depth knowledge about the functioning of ancient mechanisms, it is possible to characterize the dynamic behavior, determine mechanical properties and more rigorously analyze the condition of these equipments. Thus, arises the theme of this master's thesis. Based on a proposal of the IH4Future project by LIBPhys - UNL (FCT Physics Department), and by the Seixal City Council, a study was carried out around a set of objects existing in the Vale de Milhaços gunpowder plant, consisting of a steam engine, more than a century old, and the pipes, boilers and water pumps that are part of its operation. The study carried out is based on a characterization of the operation of this set, through the application of predictive maintenance techniques, such as the analysis of vibrations and temperatures (thermography and measurement with sensors). From an historical and cultural interest point of view, the restoration of this steam engine and the possibility of maintaining it in an acceptable operating condition, in the location where it was originally installed, aims the preservation of the industrial patrimony, eventually creating a path for the conservation and understanding of these historical objects, based on the knowledge communion of Conservation, Restoration, Materials and the Mechanics fields. This study presents the work developed for acquisition, processing and analysis of vibrations and temperature data, obtained from the steam machine in operating conditions (study object), as well as the obtained results and some conclusive considerations. This initial assessment may constitute a reference situation for future work.
The industrial revolution initiated in the 18th century is considered to be one of the greatest landmarks of modern history. From that period, several ancient machines that represent the memory of that era subsist until the present days and have been attracting the attention of areas such as conservation and restoration. However, the preservation of this type of machines, especially those that are intended to maintain operational, requires a more specialized attention justifying the fundamental collaboration of areas like mechanical engineering. Applying modern techniques and in-depth knowledge about the functioning of ancient mechanisms, it is possible to characterize the dynamic behavior, determine mechanical properties and more rigorously analyze the condition of these equipments. Thus, arises the theme of this master's thesis. Based on a proposal of the IH4Future project by LIBPhys - UNL (FCT Physics Department), and by the Seixal City Council, a study was carried out around a set of objects existing in the Vale de Milhaços gunpowder plant, consisting of a steam engine, more than a century old, and the pipes, boilers and water pumps that are part of its operation. The study carried out is based on a characterization of the operation of this set, through the application of predictive maintenance techniques, such as the analysis of vibrations and temperatures (thermography and measurement with sensors). From an historical and cultural interest point of view, the restoration of this steam engine and the possibility of maintaining it in an acceptable operating condition, in the location where it was originally installed, aims the preservation of the industrial patrimony, eventually creating a path for the conservation and understanding of these historical objects, based on the knowledge communion of Conservation, Restoration, Materials and the Mechanics fields. This study presents the work developed for acquisition, processing and analysis of vibrations and temperature data, obtained from the steam machine in operating conditions (study object), as well as the obtained results and some conclusive considerations. This initial assessment may constitute a reference situation for future work.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conservação Património Industrial Análise de Dinâmica Controlo de Condição