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Introdução: A migração internacional é considerada um dos maiores desafios da Saúde
Pública a nível mundial. As populações migrantes encontram-se particularmente vulneráveis
ao processo migratório, sendo que esta vulnerabilidade pode ainda ser intensificada por
barreiras no acesso e subutilização de saúde na procura de informação, cuidados e
diagnóstico. A migração pode, portanto, colocar as pessoas em situações de maior
vulnerabilidade ao VIH. Objetivos: Analisar a população de doentes VIH em seguimento no
Hospital Garcia de Orta, de acordo com características demográficas, clínicas e marcadores
de infeção e concluir acerca de eventuais diferenças entre população migrante e não migrante
e diferentes populações de migrantes. Métodos: Foi seguida uma abordagem metodológica
quantitativa com um desenho de estudo do tipo observacional, analítico, transversal e
retrospetivo. O processo de recolha de dados foi realizado em contexto hospitalar, local de
seguimento dos doentes infetados por VIH. Os dados foram analisados através de uma análise
estatística univariada, bivariada e de regressão logística. Resultados: Incluíram-se 295
doentes infetados por VIH, 101 migrantes e 194 nativos. Foram observadas diferenças
estatisticamente significativas entre migrantes e nativos no género (p=0,001), subtipo VIH-1
(p=0,002), modo de transmissão (p=0,014) e coinfecções (p=0,001). Todavia, a associação
entre estatuto de migração e as variáveis identificadas não se confirmou na Regressão
Logística Múltipla (p>0,05). Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas
também em relação à Carga Viral ao diagnóstico entre migrantes e nativos (p<0,001), no
entanto não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao diagnóstico em
relação à contagem de Linfócitos T CD4+ (p=0,731). Os resultados sugeriram ainda que há
uma tendência para uma evolução mais favorável dos não migrantes, em detrimento dos
migrantes, alcançando um valor superior de Linfócitos T CD4+, 6 meses após o diagnóstico.
Quando comparámos os doentes originários dos diferentes países africanos, estes não
apresentaram diferenças na evolução da contagem de Linfócitos T CD4+ ao longo do tempo.
Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu obter informações importantes para um melhor
entendimento do contexto nacional da infeção por VIH, no entanto novas linhas de pesquisa
neste assunto são recomendadas, podendo contribuir para incentivar e fortalecer o
desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e controlo da infeção por VIH em
populações migrantes.
Introduction: International migration is considered one of the greatest challenges of public health in the world. Migrant populations are particularly vulnerable to the migration process, this vulnerability can be further intensified by barriers to access and underutilization of health. Migration can therefore put people at higher risk of HIV. Objectives: To analyse the population of HIV patients followed-up at Hospital Garcia de Orta, according to demographic, clinical and infection markers, conclude about potential differences between migrant and non-migrant populations and between different populations of migrants. Methods: A quantitative methodology approach with an observational, analytical, transversal, and retrospective study design was conducted. The collection of data was carried out in a hospital context, where HIV patients are followed-up. Data was analysed with univariate and bivariate statistical analysis and logistic regression. Results: 295 HIV-infected patients, 101 migrants, and 194 natives were included. Statistical differences were observed between migrants and natives in gender (p=0,001), subtype HIV-1 (p=0,002), transmission mode (p=0,014) and co-infections (p=0,001). However, these associations were not confirmed in the Multiple Logistic Regression analysis (p>0,05). Statistical differences were also observed for Viral Load at diagnosis between migrants and natives (p<0,001). However, no statistically significant differences were observed for CD4+ count at diagnosis (p=0,731). The results also suggested that there is a trend towards a more favorable evolution of non- migrants when compared to migrants, reaching a higher CD4+ count 6 months after diagnosis. When comparing patients originated from different African countries, there was a similar evolution of CD4+ counts over time. Conclusion: This study allowed to obtain information important for a better understanding of the national context of HIV infection. However, further research is needed, which will contribute to encourage and strengthen the development of effective HIV prevention and control prevention in migrant populations.
Introduction: International migration is considered one of the greatest challenges of public health in the world. Migrant populations are particularly vulnerable to the migration process, this vulnerability can be further intensified by barriers to access and underutilization of health. Migration can therefore put people at higher risk of HIV. Objectives: To analyse the population of HIV patients followed-up at Hospital Garcia de Orta, according to demographic, clinical and infection markers, conclude about potential differences between migrant and non-migrant populations and between different populations of migrants. Methods: A quantitative methodology approach with an observational, analytical, transversal, and retrospective study design was conducted. The collection of data was carried out in a hospital context, where HIV patients are followed-up. Data was analysed with univariate and bivariate statistical analysis and logistic regression. Results: 295 HIV-infected patients, 101 migrants, and 194 natives were included. Statistical differences were observed between migrants and natives in gender (p=0,001), subtype HIV-1 (p=0,002), transmission mode (p=0,014) and co-infections (p=0,001). However, these associations were not confirmed in the Multiple Logistic Regression analysis (p>0,05). Statistical differences were also observed for Viral Load at diagnosis between migrants and natives (p<0,001). However, no statistically significant differences were observed for CD4+ count at diagnosis (p=0,731). The results also suggested that there is a trend towards a more favorable evolution of non- migrants when compared to migrants, reaching a higher CD4+ count 6 months after diagnosis. When comparing patients originated from different African countries, there was a similar evolution of CD4+ counts over time. Conclusion: This study allowed to obtain information important for a better understanding of the national context of HIV infection. However, further research is needed, which will contribute to encourage and strengthen the development of effective HIV prevention and control prevention in migrant populations.
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Saúde pública Saúde pública e desenvolvimento Infeção por VIH Migrantes Hospital Garcia de Orta
