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Origem e filogeografia do VIH-1 no arquipélago de São Tomé e Príncipe
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O VIH é um retrovírus que já causou a morte de cerca de 940 mil pessoas até 2017, e infetou mais de 36,9 milhões no mundo, sendo o continente africano a região do globo mais afetada pela epidemia. Este vírus altamente replicativo, recombinativo e com uma notável capacidade de mutação e adaptação às novas condições do ambiente humano, possui uma extraordinária diversidade genética global.
O VIH-1 é o tipo mais predominante e disperso a nível global, e o principal agente da SIDA. Este vírus é classificado em grupos, subtipos, sub-subtipos, formas recombinantes circulantes (CFRs) e formas únicas circulantes (URFs).
O grupo M do VIH-1 é o mais prevalente globalmente, e por isso estudar e conhecer a epidemiologia molecular deste grupo reveste-se de grande importância para a saúde mundial, para a melhoria da terapêutica ARV, para o alcance dos objetivos 90-90-90 definidos nos ODS (Objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável) e para o desenvolvimento de vacinas.
S.Tomé e Príncipe, é um pequeno arquipélago localizado na costa ocidental africana, caracterizado por prevalência baixa (0,5%) do VIH-1, mas com poucos estudos realizados na área da epidemiologia molecular das estirpes VIH-1 circulantes no país.
Este trabalho de investigação tratou-se de um estudo observacional baseado na análise de sequências pol do VIH-1 colhidas em seropositivos, no período de 2004 a 2008 em S.Tomé e Príncipe. Com estas amostras foi possível determinar a diversidade genética das estirpes do VIH-1 que circulam no país, identificar as mutações de resistência aos antirretrovirais existentes e reconstruir a origem temporal e geográfica da epidemia a partir da estirpe mais prevalente identificada (CFR02_AG), através da reconstrução filogenética de uma árvore MCC (Maximum Credibility Clade) dessas sequências usando a estrutura filogeográfica bayesiana disponibilizadas no pacote do BEAST.
HIV is a retrovirus that has killed about 940,000 people by 2017, and has infected more than 36.9 million worldwide, with Africa being the region most affected by the epidemic. This highly replicative, recombinant virus, with a remarkable capacity for mutation and adaptation to changing conditions of the human environment, has extraordinary global genetic diversity. HIV-1 is the most prevalent and widespread type worldwide, and the main agent of AIDS. This virus is classified into groups, subtypes, subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CFRs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs). HIV-1 group M is the most prevalent globally, so studying and knowing its molecular epidemiology has a great importance for global health, for the improvement of ARV therapy, for the achievement of objectives 90-90- 90 defined in the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and for vaccine development. S. Tomé and Príncipe is a small archipelago located on the West African coast, characterized by low prevalence (0.5%) of HIV-1, but with few studies in the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 strains circulating in the country. This research was an observational study with HIV-1 pol sequences collected from HIV-positive people from 2004 to 2008 in S. Tomé and Príncipe. With these samples it was possible to determine the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in the country, to identify existing antiretroviral resistance mutations and to reconstruct the temporal and geographical origin of the epidemic from the most prevalent strain identified (CFR02_AG) by phylogenetic reconstruction of a Maximum Credibility Clade (MCC) tree of these sequences using the Bayesian phylogeographic framework provided in the BEAST package.
HIV is a retrovirus that has killed about 940,000 people by 2017, and has infected more than 36.9 million worldwide, with Africa being the region most affected by the epidemic. This highly replicative, recombinant virus, with a remarkable capacity for mutation and adaptation to changing conditions of the human environment, has extraordinary global genetic diversity. HIV-1 is the most prevalent and widespread type worldwide, and the main agent of AIDS. This virus is classified into groups, subtypes, subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CFRs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs). HIV-1 group M is the most prevalent globally, so studying and knowing its molecular epidemiology has a great importance for global health, for the improvement of ARV therapy, for the achievement of objectives 90-90- 90 defined in the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and for vaccine development. S. Tomé and Príncipe is a small archipelago located on the West African coast, characterized by low prevalence (0.5%) of HIV-1, but with few studies in the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 strains circulating in the country. This research was an observational study with HIV-1 pol sequences collected from HIV-positive people from 2004 to 2008 in S. Tomé and Príncipe. With these samples it was possible to determine the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in the country, to identify existing antiretroviral resistance mutations and to reconstruct the temporal and geographical origin of the epidemic from the most prevalent strain identified (CFR02_AG) by phylogenetic reconstruction of a Maximum Credibility Clade (MCC) tree of these sequences using the Bayesian phylogeographic framework provided in the BEAST package.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Saúde pública e desenvolvimento Sida VIH - 1 São Tomé e Príncipe