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Narrativas Existencialistas: Percursos, Temas e Metamorfoses
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A presente tese estuda os mecanismos de receção da corrente existencialista francesa e analisa os fatores e as causas da sua difusão literária em obras narrativas pertencentes a duas tradições literárias distintas, linguística e culturalmente: a literatura lusófona e a literatura árabe. O objetivo deste estudo é descobrir de que forma é representado o existencialismo em Aparição, romance de Vergílio Ferreira, em Assim falava abu Hurayra…, romance do escritor tunisino Mahmoud Messadi, no romance Papa Sartre do escritor iraquiano Ali
Bader e na coleção de contos Imitação de Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir do escritor angolano João Melo. Recorrer aos estudos literários comparados garante que, em virtude da diversidade dos seus métodos e da renovação das suas teorias, apresentemos uma leitura integrada das questões existenciais fundamentais: por exemplo, a existência que precede a essência, a liberdade, o engagement, o individualismo, a alienação, a morte, a náusea e angústia. Demonstramos, assim, de que forma estes conceitos se encontram criativamente
apresentadas nas obras narrativas acima mencionadas e identificamos as diferenças nas abordagens de cada escritor à interpretação dessas questões. Na sua vertente francesa, o existencialismo está associado particularmente ao filósofo, romancista e dramaturgo francês Jean-Paul Sartre, que muito contribuiu para a
sua divulgação internacional, sobretudo através das suas obras literárias. Sartre ficou também conhecido pela renovação das suas teses filosóficas em torno desta corrente, bem como pela atratividade da sua personalidade, pela sua luta e pelo seu apoio às muitas causas de libertação no mundo. A importância de Sartre entre os existencialistas tornou-o um escritor mundial e a sua influência ecoou em muitos países e culturas, como é o caso de Portugal e de determinados países africanos e árabes, entre outros. O seu prestígio fundamenta a relevância da nossa investigação na presente leitura comparada, focada em identificar o papel deste filósofo e escritor francês na projeção do existencialismo e na internacionalização das suas questões e dos valores humanos, especialmente o valor da liberdade e a importância do humanismo.
The aim of this thesis is to study the reception mechanisms of the French existentialism current and analyse the factors and causes of its literary dissemination in narrative works of two linguistically and culturally different literatures: the Lusophone literature and the Arab literature. The purpose of this study is to explore how existentialism is represented in Aparição, (Apparition) a novel by Vergílio Ferreira, in Haddatha abu hurayra qal… (Abu Hurayra Said), a novel by the Tunisian writer Mahmoud Messadi, in the novel Papa Sartre by the Iraqi writer Ali Bader and in the collection of short stories Imitação de Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir (Imitation of Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir) by the Angolan writer João Melo. Due to the diversity of its methods and the upgrading of its theories, the application of the comparative method from comparative literary studies ensures the presentation of an integrated reading of the fundamental existential questions, such as: existence precedes essence, freedom, engagement, individualism, alienation, death, nausea and anguish. This method is also suitable to demonstrate how these concepts are creatively presented in the aforementioned narrative works, and to identify the differences in each writer approaches’ in the interpretation of these issues. In its French current, Existentialism was remarkably associated with the French philosopher, novelist, and playwright Jean-Paul Sartre, who contributed significantly to its international dissemination, especially on account of his literary works. Sartre became also known for the upgrading of his thesis regarding this philosophical current, the attractiveness of his personality, as well as his struggle and support for the many liberation causes around the world. Sartre´s prominence among the existentialists made him a world writer and his influence echoed in many countries and cultures, such as Portugal and various African and Arab countries, among others. His prestige supports the relevance of our investigation through this comparative reading, with a focus on identifying the role of this French philosopher and writer in the expansion of existentialism and in the internationalization of human issues and values, especially the value of freedom and the importance of humanism.
The aim of this thesis is to study the reception mechanisms of the French existentialism current and analyse the factors and causes of its literary dissemination in narrative works of two linguistically and culturally different literatures: the Lusophone literature and the Arab literature. The purpose of this study is to explore how existentialism is represented in Aparição, (Apparition) a novel by Vergílio Ferreira, in Haddatha abu hurayra qal… (Abu Hurayra Said), a novel by the Tunisian writer Mahmoud Messadi, in the novel Papa Sartre by the Iraqi writer Ali Bader and in the collection of short stories Imitação de Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir (Imitation of Sartre & Simone de Beauvoir) by the Angolan writer João Melo. Due to the diversity of its methods and the upgrading of its theories, the application of the comparative method from comparative literary studies ensures the presentation of an integrated reading of the fundamental existential questions, such as: existence precedes essence, freedom, engagement, individualism, alienation, death, nausea and anguish. This method is also suitable to demonstrate how these concepts are creatively presented in the aforementioned narrative works, and to identify the differences in each writer approaches’ in the interpretation of these issues. In its French current, Existentialism was remarkably associated with the French philosopher, novelist, and playwright Jean-Paul Sartre, who contributed significantly to its international dissemination, especially on account of his literary works. Sartre became also known for the upgrading of his thesis regarding this philosophical current, the attractiveness of his personality, as well as his struggle and support for the many liberation causes around the world. Sartre´s prominence among the existentialists made him a world writer and his influence echoed in many countries and cultures, such as Portugal and various African and Arab countries, among others. His prestige supports the relevance of our investigation through this comparative reading, with a focus on identifying the role of this French philosopher and writer in the expansion of existentialism and in the internationalization of human issues and values, especially the value of freedom and the importance of humanism.
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Narrativas Percursos Temas Existencialismo Literatura comparada Literatura árabe Literatura lusófona Sartre Vergílio Ferreira João Melo Mahmoud Messadi Ali Bader Liberdade Alienação Angústia Existência precede a essência