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Tendências narrativas nos discursos mediáticos acerca de migrantes e refugiados: o caso da imprensa escrita em Portugal
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O presente trabalho tem como foco a sistematização de tendências narrativas nos discursos mediáticos acerca de migrantes e refugiados, nas notícias veiculadas pela imprensa escrita portuguesa em relação a acontecimentos inscritos na crise migratória de 2015, procurando identificar as emoções que nestas narrativas estão associadas aos próprios migrantes, e a compreender e caraterizar a forma como os migrantes e refugiados são representados pelos media nacionais. A análise de dados, que consistiu na análise de conteúdo de 223 peças jornalísticas publicadas entre 2015 e 2019, revela que os principais temas explorados são (1) a enunciação do sofrimento, (2) a exaltação da solidariedade, da compaixão da bondade e da empatia, e (3) os imperativos do salvamento de vidas e de acolhimento. Os imigrantes e refugiados são retratados os nos media nacionais enquanto vítimas de circunstâncias sobre as quais não tiveram qualquer controlo, estando desesperados, vulneráveis e em sofrimento profundo. São pessoas com esperança que arriscam tudo em prol da sua sobrevivência e pela vida das suas famílias. O sofrimento relatado nestas notícias, emocionalmente apelativo pelo conteúdo emocional dos textos e pelas narrativas de histórias envolventes, leva à emergência espontânea da empatia e da compaixão, na medida em que os leitores têm o enquadramento que lhes possibilidade imaginarem-se na vivência de constrangimentos semelhantes, experimentando metaforicamente esse sofrimento sobre o qual leem. De uma forma geral, foi possível concluir que a enunciação do sofrimento impele a emergência da compaixão e da empatia, ao mesmo tempo que as narrativas têm um forte poder de identificação, pelas histórias que criam proximidade as personagens. Este quadro tem enquadramento privilegiado em Portugal, cuja conjuntura em termos de posicionamento político, segurança e pressão migratória, favorece a atitude positiva de acolhimento e aceitação de migrantes e refugiados.
This work focuses on narrative trends in media discourses on migrants and refugees, in news published by the Portuguese written press about events inscribed in the 2015 migration crisis, in order to identify the emotions that these narratives associate with migrants, and to understand the way migrants and refugees are represented by the national media. The data analysis, which consisted of content analysis of 223 journalistic pieces published between 2015 and 2019, reveals that the main themes explored are (1) the enunciation of suffering, (2) the exaltation of solidarity, compassion, goodness and empathy, and (3) the imperatives of saving lives and welcoming migrants and refugees. Immigrants and refugees are portrayed in the national media as victims of circumstances over which they had no control, being desperate, vulnerable and in deep suffering. They are people with hope who risk everything for their survival and the lives of their families. The suffering reported in these news stories, emotionally appealing because of the emotional content of the texts and the narratives of engaging stories, leads to the emergence of empathy and compassion, as readers are given the framework they can imagine themselves in experiencing similar constraints, metaphorically experiencing that suffering about which they read. In general, it was possible to conclude that the enunciation of suffering leads to the emergence of compassion and empathy, at the same time as the narratives have a strong power of identification, by the stories that create proximity to the characters. This picture has a privileged framework in Portugal, whose situation in terms of political positioning, security and migratory pressure, favours the positive attitude of reception and acceptance of migrants and refugees.
This work focuses on narrative trends in media discourses on migrants and refugees, in news published by the Portuguese written press about events inscribed in the 2015 migration crisis, in order to identify the emotions that these narratives associate with migrants, and to understand the way migrants and refugees are represented by the national media. The data analysis, which consisted of content analysis of 223 journalistic pieces published between 2015 and 2019, reveals that the main themes explored are (1) the enunciation of suffering, (2) the exaltation of solidarity, compassion, goodness and empathy, and (3) the imperatives of saving lives and welcoming migrants and refugees. Immigrants and refugees are portrayed in the national media as victims of circumstances over which they had no control, being desperate, vulnerable and in deep suffering. They are people with hope who risk everything for their survival and the lives of their families. The suffering reported in these news stories, emotionally appealing because of the emotional content of the texts and the narratives of engaging stories, leads to the emergence of empathy and compassion, as readers are given the framework they can imagine themselves in experiencing similar constraints, metaphorically experiencing that suffering about which they read. In general, it was possible to conclude that the enunciation of suffering leads to the emergence of compassion and empathy, at the same time as the narratives have a strong power of identification, by the stories that create proximity to the characters. This picture has a privileged framework in Portugal, whose situation in terms of political positioning, security and migratory pressure, favours the positive attitude of reception and acceptance of migrants and refugees.
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Portugal Refugiados Migrantes Emoções Narrativas Empatia Compaixão Migrants Refugees Emotions Narratives Empathy Compassion