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Inteligência artificial e gestão de risco no diagnóstico e tomada de decisão médica
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Apresenta-se um resumo de introdução à dissertação, motivos que levaram à escolha do
tema e organização do projeto.
Nos dias de hoje, os profissionais de saúde deparam-se com um grande volume de
informações e indicadores, cuja interpretação oportuna necessita de conhecimento e
experiência que nem sempre estão disponíveis nas suas realidades institucionais.
O desenvolvimento da inteligência artificial (IA) na área da medicina começou logo após a 2º
Guerra Mundial.
O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico apresenta-se cada vez mais de uma forma
contínua e acelerada e por isso, dentro de diversas áreas na Tecnologia da Informação (TI) a
inteligência artificial tem se destacado cada vez mais.
A inteligência artificial pode ser aplicada em diversas questões práticas do nosso quotidiano,
um exemplo prático na medicina da mesma, são os programas de diagnóstico médico.
A área das ciências médicas aborda especificamente a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento
de situações de doenças.
Um dos resultados dos desenvolvimentos da tecnologia na medicina é o crescimento
sustentado da quantidade de dados disponíveis sobre o doente/paciente.
Um grupo de cientistas da computação e profissionais da saúde dedicou-se a uma nova área
de pesquisa e criação de sistemas em especialização na inteligência artificial médica.
Existem bases de dados com mais de duas mil variáveis sobre um paciente, para que durante
uma análise médica o mesmo possa ser confrontado com o desafio de analisar e integrar
centenas de variáveis respeitantes a um paciente.
O paciente está rodeado de inúmeros equipamentos para a monitorização e o diagnóstico
que contribuem para a criação de mais dados.
A monitorização de um paciente é uma das atividades fundamentais de um centro
médico/hospital que sem a inteligência artificial não seria possível o controlo de mais do que
um paciente em várias situações críticas ao mesmo tempo.
Simultaneamente discute-se problemas na relação médico-paciente e a deficiência dos
exames clínicos na atenção médica, que torna o diagnóstico clínico mais dependente de
exames complementares, enfatiza-se cada vez mais a importância do computador na
medicina e no acompanhamento da saúde de um paciente. Esta situação ocorre devido ao facto de existir cada vez mais a integração de novas
tecnologias, seja pelo armazenamento de grandes volumes de dados e variáveis do paciente.
A inteligência artificial processa esses dados por meio de algoritmos, que tendem cada vez
mais a serem aperfeiçoados pelo seu próprio funcionamento e a propor diagnósticos cada
vez mais preciso.
Mas se a tecnologia fornece o know-what, caberá ao médico discutir o problema de saúde
consoante as varáveis e indicadores que tem à sua disposição e apresentar as possíveis
soluções para o paciente, indicando o know-why do caso.
Todo este processo requer uma contínua preocupação da qualidade da informação médica e
um melhor desenvolvimento das habilidades de ouvir, examinar e orientar um paciente e,
consequentemente, propor um diagnóstico e um tratamento correto e adequado,
acompanhando a sua evolução.
An introduction summary to the dissertation is presented, the reasons that led to the choice of the theme and the organization of the project. Nowadays, health professionals are faced with a large volume of information and indicators, whose timely interpretation requires knowledge and experience that are not always available in their institutional realities. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine began shortly after World War II. The scientific and technological development is presented more and more in a continuous and accelerated way and therefore, within several areas in information technology (IT) artificial intelligence have been increasingly highlighted. Artificial intelligence can be applied to various practical issues in our daily lives, a practical example in the medicine of the same, are the medical diagnostic programs. The area of medical sciences specifically addresses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease situations. One of the results of technology developments in medicine is the sustained growth of the amount of data available on the patient. A group of computer scientists and health professionals have dedicated themselves to a new area of research and systems creation specializing in medical artificial intelligence. There are databases with more than two thousand variables on patient, so that during a medical analysis it can be confronted with the challenge of analyzing and integrating hundreds of variables on a patient. The patient is surrounded by numerous monitoring and diagnostic equipment that contribute to the generation of more data. Monitoring a patient is one of the fundamental activities of a medical/hospital center that without artificial intelligence it would not be possible to control more than one patient in several critical situations at the same time. Simultaneously, problems in the doctor-patient relationship are discussed and the deficiency of clinical exams in medical attention, which makes clinical diagnosis more dependent on complementary exams, the importance of the computer in the medician and in the followup of a patient's health is increasingly emphasized. This is due to the fact that new technologies are increasingly being integrated, either by storing large volumes of patient data and variables. Artificial intelligence processes this data by means of algorithms, which tend to be increasingly improved by their own functioning and to propose increasingly accurate diagnoses. But if the technology provides the know-how, it will be up to the doctor to discuss the health problem according to the variables and indicators he has at his disposal and to present the possible solutions for the patient, indicating the know-how of the case. This whole process requires a continuous concern with the quality of medical information and a better development of the abilities to listen, examine and guide a patient and, consequently, to propose a correct and adequate diagnosis and treatment, following its evolution.
An introduction summary to the dissertation is presented, the reasons that led to the choice of the theme and the organization of the project. Nowadays, health professionals are faced with a large volume of information and indicators, whose timely interpretation requires knowledge and experience that are not always available in their institutional realities. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine began shortly after World War II. The scientific and technological development is presented more and more in a continuous and accelerated way and therefore, within several areas in information technology (IT) artificial intelligence have been increasingly highlighted. Artificial intelligence can be applied to various practical issues in our daily lives, a practical example in the medicine of the same, are the medical diagnostic programs. The area of medical sciences specifically addresses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease situations. One of the results of technology developments in medicine is the sustained growth of the amount of data available on the patient. A group of computer scientists and health professionals have dedicated themselves to a new area of research and systems creation specializing in medical artificial intelligence. There are databases with more than two thousand variables on patient, so that during a medical analysis it can be confronted with the challenge of analyzing and integrating hundreds of variables on a patient. The patient is surrounded by numerous monitoring and diagnostic equipment that contribute to the generation of more data. Monitoring a patient is one of the fundamental activities of a medical/hospital center that without artificial intelligence it would not be possible to control more than one patient in several critical situations at the same time. Simultaneously, problems in the doctor-patient relationship are discussed and the deficiency of clinical exams in medical attention, which makes clinical diagnosis more dependent on complementary exams, the importance of the computer in the medician and in the followup of a patient's health is increasingly emphasized. This is due to the fact that new technologies are increasingly being integrated, either by storing large volumes of patient data and variables. Artificial intelligence processes this data by means of algorithms, which tend to be increasingly improved by their own functioning and to propose increasingly accurate diagnoses. But if the technology provides the know-how, it will be up to the doctor to discuss the health problem according to the variables and indicators he has at his disposal and to present the possible solutions for the patient, indicating the know-how of the case. This whole process requires a continuous concern with the quality of medical information and a better development of the abilities to listen, examine and guide a patient and, consequently, to propose a correct and adequate diagnosis and treatment, following its evolution.
Descrição
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Risk Analysis and Management
Palavras-chave
Inteligência Artificial Medicina Geral Decisão Risco Artificial Intelligence Medicine Decision Risk