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Os jovens e os factores associados ao consumo de tabaco
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RESUMO - Reconhecendo que o tabagismo representa um problema
global e actual, com consequências devastadoras, e que a
adolescência é o período em que a maioria dos fumadores
inicia o consumo de tabaco, a escola representa o espaço e
o tempo ideal para o desenvolvimento de acções de promoção
da saúde e prevenção do tabagismo junto de crianças
e jovens no contexto da educação.
Com a realização desta investigação pretendemos determinar
os factores associados ao consumo de tabaco em alunos
do 3.o ciclo do ensino básico.
Realizámos um estudo transversal, de natureza quantitativa
e centrado na análise das respostas de um grupo de
adolescentes. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação
de um questionário de autopreenchimento, anónimo e
voluntário.
A amostra foi constituída por 173 alunos (48% do género
masculino e 52% do género feminino). Da análise e interpretação
dos resultados obtidos podemos salientar que
46,2% do total de alunos já fumaram tabaco (pelo menos
um cigarro), sendo a idade média de experimentação de
11,79 anos. A prevalência do consumo actual de tabaco foi
de 22% no total da amostra. No que respeita à frequência
do consumo, 81,6% dos jovens fumadores inquiridos são
fumadores regulares. Através do uso do modelo de regressão
logística simples, avaliámos a magnitude das associações
de vários factores com o consumo de tabaco. O consumo
de tabaco apareceu associado a: consumo de álcool;
melhor amigo, pessoas importantes e irmão(s) acharem
bem os jovens fumarem; achar inútil as aulas/actividades
de prevenção do tabagismo; absentismo escolar; frequentar
cafés, pubs ou discotecas nos tempos livres; ter muitos
amigos fumadores; ver fumar na biblioteca/sala de estudo
da escola.
Estes resultados poderão contribuir para o delinear de
estratégias de prevenção do tabagismo em adolescentes.
ABSTRACT - Recognising that smoking represents a global and actual problem with devastating consequences and that adolescence is the period in which the majority of smokers starts to smoke, school represents the perfect place and time to develop educational programmes of health promotion and smoking prevention in children and youth. With this study we intended to determine the factors associated to smoking in middle-school adolescents. We designed a cross-sectional study, quantitative and centred in the analysis of the answers of a group of adolescents. The results were obtained using a self-administrated, anonymous and voluntary questionnaire. Data was collected from 173 adolescents (48% males, 52% females). From the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained, 46.2% of the total sample have experimented smoking (at least one cigarette), the average age of experimentation was 11.79 years. The prevalence of current smoking was 22% in the whole sample. And 81.6% of the adolescents were regular smokers. Using a logistic regression model, we evaluated the magnitude of association of some factors with smoking. Smoking was significantly associated with: alcohol consumption; best friend, important people, brother(s)/sister(s) thinking it is right for young people to smoke; thinking that smoking prevention classes/activities are useless; low school results; go to coffee-shops, pubs and discos in free time; having many smoking friends and seeing people smoking in the school library. These results may contribute to the planning of strategies of smoking prevention in young people.
ABSTRACT - Recognising that smoking represents a global and actual problem with devastating consequences and that adolescence is the period in which the majority of smokers starts to smoke, school represents the perfect place and time to develop educational programmes of health promotion and smoking prevention in children and youth. With this study we intended to determine the factors associated to smoking in middle-school adolescents. We designed a cross-sectional study, quantitative and centred in the analysis of the answers of a group of adolescents. The results were obtained using a self-administrated, anonymous and voluntary questionnaire. Data was collected from 173 adolescents (48% males, 52% females). From the interpretation and analysis of the results obtained, 46.2% of the total sample have experimented smoking (at least one cigarette), the average age of experimentation was 11.79 years. The prevalence of current smoking was 22% in the whole sample. And 81.6% of the adolescents were regular smokers. Using a logistic regression model, we evaluated the magnitude of association of some factors with smoking. Smoking was significantly associated with: alcohol consumption; best friend, important people, brother(s)/sister(s) thinking it is right for young people to smoke; thinking that smoking prevention classes/activities are useless; low school results; go to coffee-shops, pubs and discos in free time; having many smoking friends and seeing people smoking in the school library. These results may contribute to the planning of strategies of smoking prevention in young people.
Descrição
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Contexto Educativo
Citação
Nunes, Ana Raquel Almeida Reis - Os jovens e os factores associados ao consumo de tabaco = Factors associated to smoking and youth behaviour. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 22, Nº 2 (Julho/Dezembro 2004), p. 57-67
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública