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Sustainable Consumption Patterns in the EU: A Factor and Cluster Analysis of Policy and Behavior Drivers
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Resumo(s)
The goal of this study is to identify the main dimensions of sustainable consumption among the 27 EU member states and to classify them into homogenous groups using multidimensional data analysis techniques. While prior research has examined sustainability indicators separately, this study integrates economic, consumption, and policy dimensions in a single factor-cluster framework, offering a comprehensive view of EU consumption heterogeneity that bridges the gap between broad indicators and country-level policy. Factor analysis is applied to reduce eight Eurostat indicators covering consumption footprint, GDP per capita, environmental taxation, circular material use, and household spending on transport and apparel in 2020 and 2023 into three latent dimensions. Hierarchical clustering with Ward’s method and k-means clustering were then used to group the 27 EU countries based on the factor scores. Three dimensions were identified: affluence and consumption footprint, individual consumption and private mobility, and green orientation (public transport and environmental taxes). Four clusters emerged, differentiating EU countries by combinations of economic affluence, car dependence, and sustainability policy orientation. Results obtained can be used by policymakers. Having a clear segmentation of how different countries align with sustainable consumption goals will help identify where targeted interventions are needed.
Descrição
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Driven Marketing, specialization in Marketing Research and CRM
Palavras-chave
European Union Sustainable Consumption EU Countries Factor Analysis Cluster Analysis Sustainable Development Goals