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Diagnóstico de Pobreza Energética em Portugal: Análise Comparativa de Inquéritos Nacionais e Internacionais e Proposta de Inquérito Base Modular
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Resumo(s)
A pobreza energética constitui um dos maiores desafios sociais e ambientais da atuali-
dade, afetando milhões de famílias na Europa. Este fenómeno resulta da combinação de baixos
rendimentos, custos elevados de energia e ineficiência dos edifícios, comprometendo o bem-
estar, a saúde e a inclusão social. Nos últimos anos, têm sido desenvolvidas diversas políticas
e iniciativas de combate à pobreza energética, como, e.g., o Energy Poverty Advisory Hub
(EPAH), a nível europeu, e a Estratégia Nacional de Longo Prazo para o Combate à Pobreza
Energética 2023–2050, em Portugal. No entanto, persistem lacunas significativas ao nível das
ferramentas de diagnóstico, dificultando a identificação e caracterização comparáveis das si-
tuações de vulnerabilidade energética, especialmente no contexto português.
Esta dissertação analisa um conjunto alargado de inquéritos de diagnóstico de pobreza
energética em Portugal e alguns casos internacionais, com o objetivo de uniformizar metodo-
logias de recolha de dados e canalizar o conhecimento existente para o desenvolvimento de
medidas de mitigação mais eficazes e direcionadas. Os objetivos específicos incluem: (i) a aná-
lise do panorama geral dos métodos de diagnóstico; (ii) a caracterização e comparação de in-
quéritos nacionais e internacionais e respetivos resultados; e (iii) a criação de um inquérito-
base modular, adaptável a diferentes realidades territoriais e aplicável em Portugal. A meto-
dologia seguiu uma abordagem mista, qualitativa e quantitativa, desenvolvida em sete etapas,
destacando-se o mapeamento e a caracterização de 23 projetos, 16 nacionais e 7 internacionais,
com relevância na identificação de pobreza energética. Devido à disponibilidade e consistência
dos dados, a análise empírica final incidiu sobre 15 inquéritos aplicados a famílias em situação
de vulnerabilidade energética, em Portugal e noutros contextos europeus.
A síntese das evidências nacionais e internacionais serviu de base à proposta de um in-
quérito-base modular, com 8 módulos, estruturado por secções adaptáveis às diferentes reali-
dades. A aplicação deste inquérito poderá ser particularmente relevante no âmbito da rede
nacional de Espaços Energia, reforçando a coordenação entre política pública, financiamento
e ação local no combate à pobreza energética.
Energy poverty is one of the greatest social and environmental challenges of our time, affecting millions of families in Europe. This phenomenon is the result of a combination of low incomes, high energy costs, and inefficient buildings, compromising well-being, health, and social inclusion. In recent years, several policies and initiatives have been developed to combat energy poverty, such as the European Energy Poverty Recommendation, the Energy Poverty Advisory Hub (EPAH), the Energy Efficiency Directive (EU 2023/1791), and the National Long-Term Strategy for Combating Energy Poverty 2023–2050. However, significant gaps re- main in terms of harmonized diagnostic tools, making it difficult to compare situations of en- ergy vulnerability, especially in the Portuguese context. This dissertation critically analyses the main energy poverty diagnostic surveys, with the aim of standardizing data collection methodologies and channelling existing knowledge into the development of more effective and targeted mitigation measures. The specific objec- tives include: (i) analysing the general overview of diagnostic methods; (ii) characterizing and comparing national and international surveys and their results; and (iii) creating a modular base survey, adaptable to different territorial realities and applicable in Portugal. The meth- odology followed a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, developed in seven stages. First, a review of the literature on energy poverty and diagnostic tools was carried out; subse- quently, 23 projects, 16 national and 7 international, with relevance to the diagnosis and miti- gation of energy poverty were mapped and characterized. Due to the availability and con- sistency of the data, the final empirical analysis focused on 15 surveys applied to families in situations of energy vulnerability in Portugal and other European contexts. The synthesis of national and international evidence served as the basis for the proposal for a modular baseline survey, with eight modules, structured into sections that can be adapted to different realities. The application of this survey could be particularly relevant within the national network of Energy Spaces, strengthening coordination between public pol- icy, financing, and local action in the fight against energy poverty.
Energy poverty is one of the greatest social and environmental challenges of our time, affecting millions of families in Europe. This phenomenon is the result of a combination of low incomes, high energy costs, and inefficient buildings, compromising well-being, health, and social inclusion. In recent years, several policies and initiatives have been developed to combat energy poverty, such as the European Energy Poverty Recommendation, the Energy Poverty Advisory Hub (EPAH), the Energy Efficiency Directive (EU 2023/1791), and the National Long-Term Strategy for Combating Energy Poverty 2023–2050. However, significant gaps re- main in terms of harmonized diagnostic tools, making it difficult to compare situations of en- ergy vulnerability, especially in the Portuguese context. This dissertation critically analyses the main energy poverty diagnostic surveys, with the aim of standardizing data collection methodologies and channelling existing knowledge into the development of more effective and targeted mitigation measures. The specific objec- tives include: (i) analysing the general overview of diagnostic methods; (ii) characterizing and comparing national and international surveys and their results; and (iii) creating a modular base survey, adaptable to different territorial realities and applicable in Portugal. The meth- odology followed a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, developed in seven stages. First, a review of the literature on energy poverty and diagnostic tools was carried out; subse- quently, 23 projects, 16 national and 7 international, with relevance to the diagnosis and miti- gation of energy poverty were mapped and characterized. Due to the availability and con- sistency of the data, the final empirical analysis focused on 15 surveys applied to families in situations of energy vulnerability in Portugal and other European contexts. The synthesis of national and international evidence served as the basis for the proposal for a modular baseline survey, with eight modules, structured into sections that can be adapted to different realities. The application of this survey could be particularly relevant within the national network of Energy Spaces, strengthening coordination between public pol- icy, financing, and local action in the fight against energy poverty.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pobreza Energética Métodos de Diagnóstico Inquéritos One-Stop Shops Política Energética Portugal