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Prevalência dos erros refrativos na área de Lisboa numa população infantil: um estudo piloto
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RESUMO - Prevalência dos erros refrativos na área de Lisboa numa população infantil: Um Estudo
Piloto.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência dos erros refrativos numa população dos 6 aos 12
anos em Lisboa. Analisar a exposição a fatores de risco e avaliar a sua correlação com
a prevalência dos erros refrativos. Analisar os fatores de prevenção de erros refrativos
e verificar se existe correlação com os erros refrativos.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional prospetivo transversal e multicêntrico,
a recolha de dados foi feita em 5 escolas da área de Lisboa de outubro a dezembro de
2021, realizada pelo núcleo de investigação Optovisão do Instituto Superior de
Educação e Ciências de Lisboa (ISEC Lisboa). Participaram neste estudo 252 crianças,
de idades compreendidas entre s 6 e os 12 anos.
Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 8,0±1.5 anos e a mediana foi de 8
anos. A prevalência da miopia foi de 9,5% (n=22), a de emetropia 34,1% (n=86) e a de
hipermetropia 56,3% (n=144). Entre os 6 e os 11 anos, a taxa de hipermetropia diminuiu
e a miopia aumentou 12,5%. De todos os participantes com miopia, 81% (n=17) tinham
baixa miopia e 19% miopia moderada. Em relação à idade, existe una clara tendência à
miopização com o passar dos anos. Dentro do intervalo de tempo em visão próxima
36,9% dos participantes passavam menos de 25% do tempo em dispositivos digitais,
45,4% entre 25%-50% e 17,6% passavam mais de 50% do tempo. Não se encontrou
uma associação entre o tempo de uso dos dispositivos digitais com a idade, género e
estado refrativo.
Conclusões: Podemos concluir com este estudo que houve um aumento da miopia com
a idade e que o erro refrativo com maior prevalência foi a miopia. Dentro deste grupo, a
miopia baixa é a mais comum. Não se verificaram aumentos nas atividades em visão
próxima associados à idade ou género nem se encontrou uma associação entre o
género e o tempo passado em dispositivos digitais e o erro refrativo apresentado. Foi
possível verificar o fator hereditário da miopia uma vez que se encontrou uma relação
entre a sua presença em um ou ambos os progenitores. Não se verificou uma
associação entre o tempo de exposição à luz ultravioleta e a idade.
ABSTRACT - Prevalence of refractive errors in the Lisbon area in a pediatric population: A Pilot Study. Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in a population of 6 to 12- year-old children in Lisbon. To analyze the exposure to risk factors and assess their correlation with the prevalence of refractive errors. To examine the preventive factors for refractive errors and investigate if there is a correlation with refractive errors. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional multicenter observational study. Data collection was conducted in 5 schools in the Lisbon area from October to December 2021, carried out by the Optovisão research group at the Superior Institute of Education and Sciences of Lisbon (ISEC Lisbon). A total of 252 children between the ages of 6 and 12 participated in this study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 8.0±1.5 years, with a median age of 8 years. The prevalence of myopia was 9.5% (n=22), emmetropia 34.1% (n=86), and hypermetropia 56.3% (n=144). Between the ages of 6 and 11, the rate of hypermetropia decreased while myopia increased by 12.5%. Among all participants with myopia, 81% (n=17) had low myopia and 19% had moderate myopia. There was a clear tendency for myopization with increasing age. Regarding near vision activities, 36.9% of the participants spent less than 25% of their time on digital devices, 45.4% between 25% and 50%, and 17.6% spent more than 50% of their time. No association found between device usage time and age, gender, or refractive status. Conclusions: We can conclude from this study that there was an increase in myopia with age, and that the most prevalent refractive error was myopia. Within this group, low myopia is the most common. There were no increases in near vision activities associated with age or gender, nor was there an association found between gender and time spent on digital devices and the refractive error observed. It was possible to confirm the hereditary factor of myopia, as a relationship was found between its presence in one or both parents. There was no association between exposure to ultraviolet light and age.
ABSTRACT - Prevalence of refractive errors in the Lisbon area in a pediatric population: A Pilot Study. Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in a population of 6 to 12- year-old children in Lisbon. To analyze the exposure to risk factors and assess their correlation with the prevalence of refractive errors. To examine the preventive factors for refractive errors and investigate if there is a correlation with refractive errors. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional multicenter observational study. Data collection was conducted in 5 schools in the Lisbon area from October to December 2021, carried out by the Optovisão research group at the Superior Institute of Education and Sciences of Lisbon (ISEC Lisbon). A total of 252 children between the ages of 6 and 12 participated in this study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 8.0±1.5 years, with a median age of 8 years. The prevalence of myopia was 9.5% (n=22), emmetropia 34.1% (n=86), and hypermetropia 56.3% (n=144). Between the ages of 6 and 11, the rate of hypermetropia decreased while myopia increased by 12.5%. Among all participants with myopia, 81% (n=17) had low myopia and 19% had moderate myopia. There was a clear tendency for myopization with increasing age. Regarding near vision activities, 36.9% of the participants spent less than 25% of their time on digital devices, 45.4% between 25% and 50%, and 17.6% spent more than 50% of their time. No association found between device usage time and age, gender, or refractive status. Conclusions: We can conclude from this study that there was an increase in myopia with age, and that the most prevalent refractive error was myopia. Within this group, low myopia is the most common. There were no increases in near vision activities associated with age or gender, nor was there an association found between gender and time spent on digital devices and the refractive error observed. It was possible to confirm the hereditary factor of myopia, as a relationship was found between its presence in one or both parents. There was no association between exposure to ultraviolet light and age.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
ametropias erros refrativos prevalência de erros refrativos miopia astigmatismo hipermetropia refractive errors prevalence of refractive errors myopia astigmatism hypermetropia