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Analyzing rhetorical framing in brexit debates in the house of commons the United Kingdom using large languages models: temporal trends and structural patterns-multi-stage data pipeline
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This study examines rhetorical framing in House of Commons debates on the United Kingdom's exit (Brexit) from the European Union from 2012 to 2022, using Laqrge Language Models(LLMs) to analyze 62,847 parliamentary speech chunks. Building on Neuman et al.'s (1992)
generic frame typology, it investigates how framing strategies have changed over time and varied across parties, referendum positions, and speaker attributes. The computational approach provides scale and precision beyond traditional qualitative methods, showing that Economic and Conflict frames dominated and that shifts in usage tracked key Brexit milestones. The findings demonstrate LLMs' value for large-scale political discourse analysis and clarify how parliamentary actors constructed Brexit's meaning during a period of constitutional turmoil
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Framing analysis Political framing Brexit EU referendum UK parliament House of commons Parliamentary debates Political communication Natural language processing NLP Large language model LLM Transformer model GPT model Mistral model BERT model