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Plasmodium simium
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Plasmodium simium, a parasite of platyrrhine monkeys, is known to cause human malaria outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. It has been hypothesized that, upon the introduction of Plasmodium vivax into the Americas at the time of the European colonization, the human parasite adapted to Neotropical anophelines of the Kerteszia subgenus and to local monkeys, along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, to give rise to a sister species, P. simium. Here, to obtain new insights into the origins and adaptation of P. simium to new hosts, we analysed whole-genome sequence data from 31 P. simium isolates together with a global sequence dataset of 1,086 P. vivax isolates. Population genomic analyses revealed that P. simium comprises a discrete parasite lineage with greatest genetic similarity to P. vivax populations from Latin America especially those from the Amazon Basin of Brazil and to ancient European P. vivax isolates, consistent with Brazil as the most likely birthplace of the species. We show that P. simium displays half the amount of nucleotide diversity of P. vivax from Latin America, as expected from its recent origin. We identified pairs of sympatric P. simium isolates from monkeys and from humans as closely related as meiotic half-siblings, revealing ongoing zoonotic transmission of P. simium. Most critically, we show that P. simium currently causes most, and possibly all, malarial infections usually attributed to P. vivax along the Serra do Mar Mountain Range of Southeast Brazil.
Descrição
Funding text: This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States of America (grant U19 AI089681, subcontract to M.U.F.; grant R01 AI141900 to J.C.S.) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP; grant 2016/18740-9 to M.U.F.). We also acknowledge post-doctoral FAPESP fellowships from FAPESP to N.R.M.dA. (2022/10056-2 and 2023/12394-5), P.T.R. (2018/03902-9) and T.C.d.O. (2021/01017-0); a doctoral FAPESP scholarship to W.A.L. (2023/15369-1); a senior researcher scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico of Brazil (CNPq; 301011/2019-2) to M.U.F.; and institutional support from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia of Portugal (FCT), through the projects UID/04413/2020 to the Global Health and Tropical Medicine Research Center and LA-REAL LA/P/0117/2020. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
Palavras-chave
Atlantic Forest Brazil malaria, Plasmodium simium Plasmodium vivax population genomics zoonosis Parasitology Animal Science and Zoology Infectious Diseases SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being