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O que Influencia a Decisão de Migrar: Um Olhar para as Mulheres Migrantes Filipinas em Portugal
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A decisão de migrar é sempre um processo de grande complexidade que envolve vários fatores, como económicos, motivações pessoais e desafios culturais, exigindo uma avaliação cuidadosa dos riscos e benefícios envolvidos. As Filipinas são exemplo de um Estado que assumiu a migração como forma de atenuar os seus problemas socioeconómicos através da obtenção de receitas das remessas enviadas pelos trabalhadores filipinos no exterior. Desde a década de 1970 que a migração filipina se diferencia pelo facto de ser maioritariamente feminina. Esta migração caracteriza-se essencialmente pelo exercício de atividades domésticas e de cuidados nos países de acolhimento. Apesar de, em Portugal, não ser expressivo o número de migrantes filipinos, não deixa de ser curioso, o crescimento registado nos últimos anos e que, o número de mulheres seja muito superior ao dos homens, estando a maioria ligada ao trabalho doméstico. A escassez de estudos sobre esta população despertou o interesse em aprofundar esta temática. O principal objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a migração feminina filipina em Portugal e entender se esta segue o mesmo padrão migratório que se observa noutros destinos, em que o Estado Filipino e empresas de recrutamento têm um forte impacto nas trajetórias migratórias. Neste trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem de triangulação metodológica que conciliou entrevistas semiestruturadas a 10 mulheres filipinas, a análise de dados estatísticos cedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) e a revisão da literatura sobre a migração de mulheres filipinas. A literatura científica identifica a forte influência do Estado filipino (nível macro) e das empresas de recrutamento (nível meso), no encorajamento à migração, no entanto, o estudo que realizámos, não permitiu confirmar estes fatores, como determinantes, na migração de mulheres filipinas, para Portugal. Fica em aberto a possibilidade de a interação de outros fatores poderem influenciar a decisão de migrar para Portugal, o que merece investigação futura.
The decision to migrate is always a highly complex process that involves various factors, such as economic, personal motivations and cultural challenges, requiring a careful assessment of the risks and benefits involved. The Philippines is an example of a state that has taken up migration as a way of alleviating its socio-economic problems by obtaining income from remittances sent by Filipino workers abroad. Since the 1970s, Filipino migration has been characterised by the fact that it is mostly female. This migration is essentially characterised by domestic and care work in the host countries. Although the number of Filipino migrants in Portugal is not significant, it is curious to note the growth in recent years and that the number of women is much higher than the number of men, most of whom are involved in domestic work. The scarcity of studies on this population in Portugal has sparked an interest in delving deeper into this subject. The main aim of this study is to characterise Filipino female migration in Portugal and to understand whether it follows the same migratory pattern as seen in other destinations, where the Philippine state and recruitment companies have a strong impact on these trajectories. This study adopted a methodological triangulation approach, combining semistructured interviews with 10 Filipino women, an analysis of statistical data provided by the National Statistics Institute (INE) and a review of the literature on the migration of Filipino women. The scientific literature identifies the strong influence of the Philippine state (macro level) and recruitment companies (meso level) in encouraging migration, however, the study we carried out did not allow us to confirm these factors as determinants in the migration of Filipino women to Portugal. The possibility remains open that the interaction of other factors may influence the decision to migrate to Portugal, which merits future research.
The decision to migrate is always a highly complex process that involves various factors, such as economic, personal motivations and cultural challenges, requiring a careful assessment of the risks and benefits involved. The Philippines is an example of a state that has taken up migration as a way of alleviating its socio-economic problems by obtaining income from remittances sent by Filipino workers abroad. Since the 1970s, Filipino migration has been characterised by the fact that it is mostly female. This migration is essentially characterised by domestic and care work in the host countries. Although the number of Filipino migrants in Portugal is not significant, it is curious to note the growth in recent years and that the number of women is much higher than the number of men, most of whom are involved in domestic work. The scarcity of studies on this population in Portugal has sparked an interest in delving deeper into this subject. The main aim of this study is to characterise Filipino female migration in Portugal and to understand whether it follows the same migratory pattern as seen in other destinations, where the Philippine state and recruitment companies have a strong impact on these trajectories. This study adopted a methodological triangulation approach, combining semistructured interviews with 10 Filipino women, an analysis of statistical data provided by the National Statistics Institute (INE) and a review of the literature on the migration of Filipino women. The scientific literature identifies the strong influence of the Philippine state (macro level) and recruitment companies (meso level) in encouraging migration, however, the study we carried out did not allow us to confirm these factors as determinants in the migration of Filipino women to Portugal. The possibility remains open that the interaction of other factors may influence the decision to migrate to Portugal, which merits future research.
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Migração Feminina Decisão de Migrar Teorias das Migrações Filipinas Portugal Female Migration Decision to Migrate Migration Theories Filipino Women Portugal