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Mutilação Genital Feminina na Guiné-Bissau: Prioridades e Estratégias para o seu Combate
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RESUMO - A prática da Mutilação Genital Feminina permanece um desafio crítico em diversas comunidades ao redor do mundo, incluindo a Guiné-Bissau. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar prioridades de ação e estratégias eficazes de combate á Mutilaçao Genital Feminina no contexto guineense, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de diferentes sectores da sociedade, autoridades governamentais, profissionais de saúde, membros da sociedade civil, ativistas de direitos humanos, bem como líderes comunitários e religiosos, com o intuito de compreender as suas percepções sobre a prática e as possíveis respostas institucionais e comunitárias. De acordo com o relatório publicado pelo Comité Nacional de Abandono das Práticas Tradicionais Nefastas (2024), a Mutilação Genital Feminina continua a ser amplamente praticada no país, acarretando consequências severas para a saúde física, mental e social das mulheres.
Diante desse cenário, os entrevistados propõem um conjunto de estratégias prioritárias para o combate à Mutilação Genital Feminina, incluindo campanhas de sensibilização, programas de educação sexual inclusiva e a incorporação da educação sobre direitos das mulheres nos currículos escolares.
Destacam-se ainda a necessidade de articulação entre o governo, os profissionais de saúde, as organizações não governamentais e as comunidades locais, visando a transformação de normas culturais e sociais que perpetuam a prática. O envolvimento de líderes comunitários, religiosos e tradicionais é essencial para a difusão de mensagens de abandono da Mutilação Genital Feminina e promoção dos direitos das mulheres. Outra medida estratégica referida como fundamental é o fortalecimento dos sistemas de saúde, com a oferta de serviços de apoio integral às vítimas, incluindo cuidados médicos e suporte psicológico especializado. Em síntese, este estudo busca contribuir para o enfrentamento da Mutilação Genital Feminina na Guiné-Bissau, apresentando um conjunto articulado de prioridades e estratégias com foco na erradicação dessa prática nociva e na promoção dos direitos e do bem-estar das mulheres guineenses.
ABSTRACT - The practice of Female Genital Mutilation remains a critical challenge in various communities around the world, including Guinea-Bissau. This study aims to identify priority actions and effective strategies to combat Female Genital Mutilation in the Guinean context through a qualitative approach. To this end, interviews were conducted with representatives from different sectors of society, including government authorities, health professionals, members of civil society, human rights activists, as well as community and religious leaders, in order to understand their perceptions of the practice and possible institutional and community responses. According to the report published by the National Committee for the Abandonment of Harmful Traditional Practices (2024), Female Genital Mutilation continues to be widely practiced in the country, leading to severe physical, mental, and social health consequences for women. In view of this situation, the interviewees propose a set of priority strategies to combat Female Genital Mutilation, including awareness campaigns, inclusive sexual education programs, and the integration of women’s rights education into school curricula. They also highlight the need for coordination between the government, health professionals, non-governmental organizations, and local communities, aiming to transform the cultural and social norms that perpetuate the practice. The involvement of community, religious, and traditional leaders is essential for spreading messages advocating for the abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation and the promotion of women’s rights. Another strategic measure identified as fundamental is the strengthening of health systems, ensuring the provision of comprehensive support services for victims, including medical care and specialized psychological assistance. In summary, this study seeks to contribute to the fight against Female Genital Mutilation in Guinea-Bissau by presenting a coherent set of priorities and strategies focused on eradicating this harmful practice and promoting the rights and well-being of Guinean women. Keywords:
ABSTRACT - The practice of Female Genital Mutilation remains a critical challenge in various communities around the world, including Guinea-Bissau. This study aims to identify priority actions and effective strategies to combat Female Genital Mutilation in the Guinean context through a qualitative approach. To this end, interviews were conducted with representatives from different sectors of society, including government authorities, health professionals, members of civil society, human rights activists, as well as community and religious leaders, in order to understand their perceptions of the practice and possible institutional and community responses. According to the report published by the National Committee for the Abandonment of Harmful Traditional Practices (2024), Female Genital Mutilation continues to be widely practiced in the country, leading to severe physical, mental, and social health consequences for women. In view of this situation, the interviewees propose a set of priority strategies to combat Female Genital Mutilation, including awareness campaigns, inclusive sexual education programs, and the integration of women’s rights education into school curricula. They also highlight the need for coordination between the government, health professionals, non-governmental organizations, and local communities, aiming to transform the cultural and social norms that perpetuate the practice. The involvement of community, religious, and traditional leaders is essential for spreading messages advocating for the abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation and the promotion of women’s rights. Another strategic measure identified as fundamental is the strengthening of health systems, ensuring the provision of comprehensive support services for victims, including medical care and specialized psychological assistance. In summary, this study seeks to contribute to the fight against Female Genital Mutilation in Guinea-Bissau by presenting a coherent set of priorities and strategies focused on eradicating this harmful practice and promoting the rights and well-being of Guinean women. Keywords:
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Direitos das Mulheres Saúde Pública Práticas Tradicionais Nefastas Women’s Rights Public Health Harmful Traditional Practices