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Direitos Humanos: postura de Portugal nas Nações Unidas
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A presente tese teve como objectivo por um lado compreender as narrativas dos Direitos Humanos em Portugal e como estas se coadunavam com as das instituições internacionais. Pretendeu-se perceber a evolução dos Direitos Humanos em Portugal, como Portugal posicionava perante outros Países ou instituições e como os outros percepcionavam Portugal. Este posicionamento influencia as relações sociais e politicas entre Portugal e os actores internacionais.
Foi interessante analisar como Portugal foi evoluindo na área dos Direitos Humanos e compreender se a percepção internacional era igual aquela que se pretendia transmitir através dos programas de Governo, legislação nacional e Planos Nacionais. Outra aferição de elevada relevância foi as questões com que Portugal se debatia internacionalmente e como fez, como foi o exemplo de Timor-Leste, Macau e, até mesmo Estados Unidos, perante a situação dos voos da CIA e da Guerra do Iraque e Afeganistão. Apesar de Portugal demonstrar evolução positiva em algumas áreas, existem outras que infelizmente tem provocado algum atrito com as instituições internacionais, principalmente na questão da justiça portuguesa. Outras áreas cuja avaliação é mais negativa são: liberdade de opinião, direito à vida privada e familiar, a discriminação e propriedade. Por outro lado, Portugal é avaliado positivamente quanto ao trabalho, especificamente o infantil e a discriminação de género, e a liberdade de religião em Portugal.
Assim, compreendeu-se nas várias áreas dos Direitos Humanos as dificuldades que foram surgindo, como estas foram ultrapassadas, e como a situação foi utilizada para Portugal evoluir e fazer evoluir os outros. No entanto, era importante continuar a expandir o trabalho sobre Portugal e os Direitos Humanos focalizando questões como a aplicação dos Tratados e legislação, a compreensão dos Direitos Humanos por parte da população portuguesa e relação de Portugal com os actores nacionais e internacionais que laboram na área dos Direitos Humanos.
This thesis aimed to firstly understand the narratives of Human Rights in Portugal and how they connected with those of international institutions. It was intended to understand the evolution of Human Rights in Portugal, as Portugal positioned before other countries or institutions and how others perceived Portugal. This position influences the social and political relations between Portugal and the international actors. It was interesting to analyze how Portugal evolved in the field of Human Rights and understand if the international perception was the same one that was intended to convey through government programs, national legislation and national plans. Another measurement of high relevance were issues which Portugal internationally debated and as how it did, for example the case of East Timor, Macau and even the United States, concerning the CIA flights and the Iraq and Afghanistan War. Although Portugal demonstrated positive developments in some areas, there are others that unfortunately have caused some friction with international institutions, mainly on the question of Portuguese justice. Other areas whose assessment is negative are: freedom of speech, right to private and family life and property discrimination. On the other hand, Portugal is rated positively about the work, specifically child and gender discrimination, and freedom of religion in Portugal. An understanding was made in the various areas of human rights, namely in the difficulties that arose, how these were overcome, and how the situation was used to evolve Portugal and evolve others. However, it was important to continue to expand the work on Portugal and Human Rights focusing on issues such as the application of the Treaties and legislation, the Portuguese population on the understanding of Human Rights and Portugal relationship with national and international actors that operate on Human Rights.
This thesis aimed to firstly understand the narratives of Human Rights in Portugal and how they connected with those of international institutions. It was intended to understand the evolution of Human Rights in Portugal, as Portugal positioned before other countries or institutions and how others perceived Portugal. This position influences the social and political relations between Portugal and the international actors. It was interesting to analyze how Portugal evolved in the field of Human Rights and understand if the international perception was the same one that was intended to convey through government programs, national legislation and national plans. Another measurement of high relevance were issues which Portugal internationally debated and as how it did, for example the case of East Timor, Macau and even the United States, concerning the CIA flights and the Iraq and Afghanistan War. Although Portugal demonstrated positive developments in some areas, there are others that unfortunately have caused some friction with international institutions, mainly on the question of Portuguese justice. Other areas whose assessment is negative are: freedom of speech, right to private and family life and property discrimination. On the other hand, Portugal is rated positively about the work, specifically child and gender discrimination, and freedom of religion in Portugal. An understanding was made in the various areas of human rights, namely in the difficulties that arose, how these were overcome, and how the situation was used to evolve Portugal and evolve others. However, it was important to continue to expand the work on Portugal and Human Rights focusing on issues such as the application of the Treaties and legislation, the Portuguese population on the understanding of Human Rights and Portugal relationship with national and international actors that operate on Human Rights.
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Direitos Humanos Portugal Relações Internacionais Human Rights International Relations