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Publicação
Gestão de Energia em Redes BT Perante Falha
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| 3.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A rede eléctrica é uma infraestrutura chave para o funcionamento da nossa sociedade.
O que era outrora um sistema centralizado e propício à propagação do efeito de pequenas
falhas, está agora a tornar-se num sistema descentralizado com Geração Distribuída,
destacando-se a utilização de Fontes de Energia Renováveis, não só para aproveitar melhor
os recursos locais, mas também para satisfazer as metas de CO2. A implementação
destas técnicas leva à criação de Micro-redes, nas quais é mais fácil gerir e corresponder
a produção de energia às necessidades dos consumidores. Com o intuito de adicionar os
consumidores aos modelos de gestão da rede eléctrica, surgiram os programas de Resposta
da Procura, nos quais se analisa até que ponto a alteração dos comportamentos
de utilização de cargas, Flexibilidade Energética, pode contribuir para a estabilização
do estado da rede. A junção de todas estas tecnologias leva à criação de uma rede mais
inteligente (Smartgrid) e resiliente.
Nesta dissertação propõe-se um modelo de gestão de energia de uma comunidade
que se viu subitamente isolada da rede eléctrica, alimentada por um sistema fotovoltaico,
incluindo bateria, instalado numa das habitações. Neste modelo considerou-se inicialmente
apenas cargas de perfil deslocável e, posteriormente, um consumo base referente
à iluminação. O acesso à utilização dos equipamentos teve por base um sistema justo de
reservas, permitindo-se o agendamento das cargas de forma manual ou automática. Para
proceder à análise de vários cenários de operação, criou-se uma plataforma de simulação.
Os resultados sugerem que é possível operar nas condições indicadas, ainda que com
limitações significativas. No entanto, verifica-se que, mediante a realização de alterações
quer ao sistema de geração/armazenamento da habitação quer ao número de instalações
presentes na comunidade, é possível melhorar de forma considerável a performance do
sistema, permitindo, potencialmente, a utilização de um conjunto maior e mais diversificado
de cargas.
The electric grid is a key infrastructure for the functioning of our society. What was once a centralized system and propitious to the propagation of the effect of small faults, is now becoming a decentralized system with Distributed Generation, highlighting the use of renewable energy sources, not only to make better use of local resources but also to meet the CO2 targets. The implementation of these techniques leads to the creation of Microgrids, in which it is easier to manage and match energy production to the needs of consumers. To include consumers in the management models of the electricity network, Demand Response programs emerged, in which it is analyzed the extent to which changes in load utilization behaviors, Energy Flexibility, can contribute to the stabilization of the state of the grid. The combination of all these technologies leads to the creation of a smarter and more resilient network. This dissertation proposes an energy management model for a community that was suddenly isolated from the electric grid, powered by a Photovoltaic, including battery, system installed in one of the houses. In this model, initially it was considered only loads with a shiftable profile and, later, a base consumption referring to lighting. Access to the use of appliances was based on a fair reservation system, allowing the scheduling of loads manually or automatically. To analyze various operating scenarios, a simulation platform was created. The results suggest that it is possible to operate under the conditions indicated, albeit with great limitations. However, it appears that, by making changes to both the housing generation/storage system and the number of installations in the community, it is possible to considerably improve the system’s performance, potentially allowing the use of a larger and more diverse set of loads.
The electric grid is a key infrastructure for the functioning of our society. What was once a centralized system and propitious to the propagation of the effect of small faults, is now becoming a decentralized system with Distributed Generation, highlighting the use of renewable energy sources, not only to make better use of local resources but also to meet the CO2 targets. The implementation of these techniques leads to the creation of Microgrids, in which it is easier to manage and match energy production to the needs of consumers. To include consumers in the management models of the electricity network, Demand Response programs emerged, in which it is analyzed the extent to which changes in load utilization behaviors, Energy Flexibility, can contribute to the stabilization of the state of the grid. The combination of all these technologies leads to the creation of a smarter and more resilient network. This dissertation proposes an energy management model for a community that was suddenly isolated from the electric grid, powered by a Photovoltaic, including battery, system installed in one of the houses. In this model, initially it was considered only loads with a shiftable profile and, later, a base consumption referring to lighting. Access to the use of appliances was based on a fair reservation system, allowing the scheduling of loads manually or automatically. To analyze various operating scenarios, a simulation platform was created. The results suggest that it is possible to operate under the conditions indicated, albeit with great limitations. However, it appears that, by making changes to both the housing generation/storage system and the number of installations in the community, it is possible to considerably improve the system’s performance, potentially allowing the use of a larger and more diverse set of loads.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Smartgrid Micro-redes Geração Distribuída Flexibilidade Energética Resposta da Procura Falhas na Rede Eléctrica